{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T01:12:04Z","timestamp":1790385124973,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"13","funder":[{"name":"US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health","award":["HD064488"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD064488"]}]},{"name":"US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health","award":["HD072071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD072071"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Perinatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Objective\u2003Apnea is common among infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Our group previously developed an automated algorithm to quantitate central apneas with associated bradycardia and desaturation (ABDs). Sex differences in lung disease are well described in preterm infants, but the influence of sex on apnea has not been established.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Study Design\u2003This study includes infants &lt;\u200934 weeks' gestation admitted to the University of Virginia NICU from 2009 to 2014 with at least 1 day of bedside monitor data available when not on mechanical ventilation. Waveform and vital sign data were analyzed using a validated algorithm to detect ABD events of low variance in chest impedance signal lasting at least 10\u2009seconds with associated drop in heart rate to &lt;\u2009100 beats\/minute and drop in oxygen saturation to &lt;\u200980%. Male and female infants were compared for prevalence of at least one ABD event during the NICU stay, treatment with caffeine, occurrence of ABDs at each week of postmenstrual age, and number of events per day.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Results\u2003Of 926 infants studied (median gestational age 30 weeks, 53% male), median days of data analyzed were 19 and 22 for males and females, respectively. There was no sex difference in prevalence of at least one ABD event during the NICU stay (males 62%, females 64%, p\u2009=\u20090.47) or in the percentage of infants treated with caffeine (males 64%, females 67%, p\u2009=\u20090.40). Cumulative prevalence of ABDs from postmenstrual ages 24 to 36 weeks was comparable between sexes. Males had 18% more ABDs per day of data, but this difference was not statistically significant (p\u2009=\u20090.16).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Conclusion\u2003In this large cohort of infants &lt;\u200934 weeks' gestation, we did not detect a sex difference in prevalence of central ABD events. There was a nonsignificant trend toward a greater number of ABDs per day in male infants.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Key Points\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1713405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]],"date-time":"2020-06-18T22:52:53Z","timestamp":1592520773000},"page":"1428-1434","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Central Apnea of Prematurity: Does Sex Matter?"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0060-566X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V. Peter","family":"Nagraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Signature Science LLC, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas E.","family":"Lake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Kuhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Randall","family":"Moorman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen D.","family":"Fairchild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"01","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20153757","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-3757","article-title":"Apnea of prematurity","volume":"137","author":"E C Eichenwald","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.11.016","article-title":"Apnea of prematurity: what can observational studies tell us about pathophysiology?","volume":"11","author":"C F 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