{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T08:49:16Z","timestamp":1775292556315,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hamostaseologie"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>von Willebrand factor (VWF) represents a large and complex adhesive plasma protein whose main function is to provide a bridge between blood platelets and damaged endothelium, and thus facilitate primary hemostasis. VWF also binds to FVIII, preventing early proteolysis, and delivers this cargo to sites of vascular injury, thereby promoting clot formation and secondary hemostasis. An absence, deficiency, or defect in VWF can lead to a bleeding diathesis called von Willebrand disease (VWD), considered the most common inherited bleeding disorder. Contemporary laboratory assays used in VWD diagnosis\/exclusion comprise a myriad of assays that identify the quantity (level) of VWF, as well as the multitude of VWF activities. These may use the following test abbreviations: VWF:Ag, VWF:RCo, VWF:CB, VWF:GPIbR, VWF:GPIbM, VWF:FVIIB, VWF:Ab. The current review explains what these assays are, as well as their place in VWD diagnostics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1713735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,27]],"date-time":"2020-06-27T00:42:39Z","timestamp":1593218559000},"page":"431-442","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Navigating the Myriad of von Willebrand Factor Assays"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Emmanuel J.","family":"Favaloro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), NSW Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Sydney Centres for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Westmead Hospital, Westmead NSW, Australia"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"01","key":"ref1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Von Willebrand factor: form for function","volume":"40","author":"A Yee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Hemost"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7196-1_29","article-title":"Diagnosis or exclusion of von Willebrand disease using laboratory testing","volume":"1646","author":"E J Favaloro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2009.03661.x","article-title":"The prevalence of symptomatic von Willebrand disease in primary care practice","volume":"8","author":"M Bowman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2006.02146.x","article-title":"Update on the pathophysiology and classification of von Willebrand disease: a report of the Subcommittee on von Willebrand Factor","volume":"4","author":"J E Sadler","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13064","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of von Willebrand disease: a United Kingdom Haemophilia Centre Doctors Organization guideline approved by the British Committee for Standards in Haematology","volume":"167","author":"M A Laffan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2516.2007.01643.x","article-title":"von Willebrand disease (VWD): evidence-based diagnosis and management guidelines, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Expert Panel report (USA)","volume":"14","author":"W L Nichols","year":"2008","journal-title":"Haemophilia"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2016.03.001","article-title":"Laboratory tests used to help diagnose von Willebrand disease: an update","volume":"48","author":"E J Favaloro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref8","first-page":"178","article-title":"Lower limit of assay sensitivity: an under-recognised and significant problem in von Willebrand disease identification and classification","volume":"21","author":"E J Favaloro","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Lab Sci"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e145","DOI":"10.1111\/hae.12903","article-title":"Type 2M von Willebrand disease - more often misidentified than correctly identified","volume":"22","author":"E J Favaloro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Haemophilia"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1066019","article-title":"Phenotypic identification of platelet-type von Willebrand disease and its discrimination from type 2B von Willebrand disease: a question of 2B or not 2B? 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Or two sides of a multidenominational or multifaceted primary-hemostasis coin?","volume":"34","author":"E J Favaloro","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Hemost"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7196-1_30","article-title":"Laboratory testing for von Willebrand factor antigen (VWF:Ag)","volume":"1646","author":"E J Favaloro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7196-1_20","article-title":"One-stage factor VIII assays","volume":"1646","author":"E Duncan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref13","first-page":"75","article-title":"Laboratory testing for von Willebrand disease: the past, present, and future state of play for von Willebrand factor assays that measure platelet binding activity, with or without ristocetin","volume":"43","author":"S Just","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Hemost"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7196-1_32","article-title":"Laboratory testing for von Willebrand factor ristocetin cofactor (VWF:RCo)","volume":"1646","author":"S Mohammed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.12964","article-title":"Platelet-dependent von Willebrand factor activity. 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