{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T22:18:11Z","timestamp":1781734691477,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol Surg B Skull Base"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003Despite its technical feasibility, anterior skull base surgery still carries the risk of severe postoperative complications, morbidity, and mortality. The reported rate of complications has diminished over the past two decades, but they continue to pose various challenges. This study aims to report late complications in a relatively large series of patients who underwent open anterior skull base surgery, and to propose methods for averting such complications.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003Retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent anterior open skull base surgery between 2000 and 2016 in a university-affiliated tertiary referral cancer center.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003There were 301 operations, of which 198 (65.8%) were for benign disease and 103 (34.2%) were for malignant tumors. The male-to-female ratio was 1.4:1, and the mean age was 44.8 years. Delayed complications occurred in 85 patients (28.2%): 31 (10.3%) involved wounds, 18 (13.9%) involved the central nervous system, and 14 (4.6%) involved the orbit. Multivariate analysis found malignant pathology, intracranial extension, and previous radiochemotherapy as predictors for the development of a delayed complication. The patients who were operated in the later study period (after 2007) had lower rates of all three types of complications compared with the earlier study period.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003Delayed complications following skull base surgery are in decline. This is mainly due to the advancement in imaging studies, surgical techniques, development of sophisticated reconstructive procedures, and the cooperation of multidisciplinary teams. We attribute the reduction in our department to our revised treatment protocol which is presented herein, with emphasis on averting the occurrence of these complications.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Level of Evidence\u2003The level of evidence is 4.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1714097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,5]],"date-time":"2020-08-05T23:04:07Z","timestamp":1596668647000},"page":"450-455","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Averting Delayed Complications of Open Anterior Skull Base Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3355-4651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barak","family":"Ringel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nir","family":"Livneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narin N.","family":"Carmel-Neiderman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilad","family":"Horowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nevo","family":"Margalit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan M.","family":"Fliss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avraham","family":"Abergel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 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