{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T10:52:29Z","timestamp":1784199149666,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Colon Rectal Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rectovaginal fistula (RVF), defined as any abnormal connection between the rectum and the vagina, is a complex and debilitating condition. RVF can occur for a variety of reasons, but frequently develops following obstetric injury. Patients with suspected RVF require thorough evaluation, including history and physical examination, imaging, and objective evaluation of the anal sphincter complex. Prior to attempting repair, sepsis must be controlled and the tract allowed to mature over a period of 3 to 6 months. All repair techniques involve reestablishing a healthy, well-vascularized rectovaginal septum, either through reconstruction with local tissue or tissue transfer via a pedicled flap. The selection of a specific repair technique is determined by the level of the fistula tract and the status of the anal sphincter. Despite best efforts, recurrence is common and should be discussed with patients prior to repair. As the ultimate goal of RVF repair is to minimize symptoms and maximize quality of life, patients should help to direct their own care based on the risks and benefits of available treatment options.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1714284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]],"date-time":"2020-09-22T23:13:56Z","timestamp":1600816436000},"page":"028-039","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Rectovaginal Fistulas Secondary to Obstetrical Injury"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Aaron J.","family":"Dawes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine C.","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"05","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002578","article-title":"Research in obstetric fistula: addressing gaps and unmet needs","volume":"131","author":"R Pope","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12845","article-title":"Incidence of obstetric fistula in Norway: a population-based prospective cohort study","volume":"95","author":"J Trovik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-015-0592-2","article-title":"Obstetric fistula in low-resource countries: an under-valued and under-studied problem--systematic review of its incidence, prevalence, and association with stillbirth","volume":"15","author":"K D Cowgill","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-13-246","article-title":"Estimating the prevalence of obstetric fistula: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"A J Adler","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2015.05.012","article-title":"Characteristics, management, and outcomes of repair of rectovaginal fistula among 1100 consecutive cases of female genital tract fistula in Ethiopia","volume":"131","author":"A Browning","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.02.041","article-title":"Predicting obstetric anal sphincter injuries in a modern obstetric population","volume":"215","author":"M R Meister","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-005-1297-2","article-title":"Risk factors for obstetrical anal sphincter lacerations","volume":"16","author":"V Dandolu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.547","article-title":"Risk factors for perineal injury during delivery","volume":"189","author":"L M Christianson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.105403","article-title":"Severe perineal lacerations during vaginal delivery: the University of Miami experience","volume":"182","author":"R Angioli","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02553877","article-title":"Anorectal complications of vaginal delivery","volume":"32","author":"K S Venkatesh","year":"1989","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1097\/OGX.0000000000000521","article-title":"Techniques for repair of obstetric anal sphincter injuries","volume":"73","author":"M R Meister","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref12","first-page":"CD002866","article-title":"Methods of repair for obstetric anal sphincter injury","volume":"12","author":"R J Fernando","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-011-1622-x","article-title":"Risk factors for obstetric fistula: a clinical review","volume":"23","author":"P M Tebeu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(16)34769-7","article-title":"Retrospective review of predisposing factors and surgical outcomes in obstetric fistula patients at a single teaching hospital in Western Kenya","volume":"33","author":"E McFadden","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.3109\/00016341003801698","article-title":"Obstetric fistula in 14,928 Ethiopian women","volume":"89","author":"M Muleta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"S 01","key":"ref16","first-page":"S51","article-title":"Complex obstetric fistulas","volume":"99","author":"R R Genadry","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.308.6933.887","article-title":"Third degree obstetric anal sphincter tears: risk factors and outcome of primary repair","volume":"308","author":"A H Sultan","year":"1994","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"26","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199312233292601","article-title":"Anal-sphincter disruption during vaginal delivery","volume":"329","author":"A H Sultan","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02053849","article-title":"Operative repair of anovaginal and rectovaginal fistulas","volume":"38","author":"W P Mazier","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1053\/j.scrs.2015.12.010","article-title":"Management of rectovaginal fistula","volume":"27","author":"A C Lowry","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Colon Rectal Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0000000000000484","article-title":"Do the surgical outcomes of rectovaginal fistula repairs differ for obstetric and nonobstetric fistulas? a retrospective cohort study","volume":"25","author":"N E Karp","year":"2019","journal-title":"Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1007\/DCR.0b013e3181e536cb","article-title":"Are there predictors of outcome following rectovaginal fistula repair?","volume":"53","author":"R A Pinto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1758","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-010-1259-y","article-title":"Obstetric and cryptoglandular rectovaginal fistulas: long-term surgical outcome; quality of life; and sexual function","volume":"14","author":"G El-Gazzaz","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.178.3.1780737","article-title":"Anovaginal and rectovaginal fistulas: endoluminal sonography versus endoluminal MR imaging","volume":"178","author":"J Stoker","year":"2002","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2018170167","article-title":"Imaging and surgical management of anorectal vaginal fistulas","volume":"38","author":"W M VanBuren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000000147","article-title":"The disappointing quality of published studies on operative techniques for rectovaginal fistulas: a blueprint for a prospective multi-institutional study","volume":"57","author":"K W G\u00f6ttgens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000001461","article-title":"Rectovaginal Fistula","volume":"262","author":"H Corte","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02053595","article-title":"Delayed repair of obstetric injuries of the anorectum and vagina. A stratified surgical approach","volume":"37","author":"K S Khanduja","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.4174\/astr.2019.97.3.149","article-title":"Outcomes of surgical treatments for rectovaginal fistula and prognostic factors for successful closure: a single-center tertiary hospital experiences","volume":"97","author":"S-B Ryoo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Surg Treat Res"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0000000000000162","article-title":"Practice patterns regarding management of rectovaginal fistulae: a multicenter review from the Fellows' Pelvic Research Network","volume":"21","author":"S H Oakley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.13066","article-title":"Rectovaginal fistula: Twenty years of rectovaginal repair","volume":"42","author":"T S Lo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-017-1739-0","article-title":"Efficacy of autologous fat graft injection in the treatment of anovaginal fistulas","volume":"22","author":"S Norderval","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tech Coloproctol"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0b013e31821df266","article-title":"Long-term efficacy of the button fistula plug in the treatment of Ileal pouch-vaginal and Crohn's-related rectovaginal fistulas","volume":"54","author":"U Gajsek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-008-9339-8","article-title":"Outcomes after repair of rectovaginal fistulas using bioprosthetics","volume":"51","author":"C N Ellis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cursur.2006.07.005","article-title":"Bioprosthetic plugs for complex anal fistulas: an early experience","volume":"64","author":"C N Ellis","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Surg Educ"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"izz215","article-title":"Matrix-delivered autologous mesenchymal stem cell therapy for refractory rectovaginal Crohn's fistulas","author":"A L Lightner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02552581","article-title":"Repair of simple rectovaginal fistulas. Influence of previous repairs","volume":"31","author":"A C Lowry","year":"1988","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref38","first-page":"682","article-title":"Endorectal advancement flap repair of rectovaginal and other complicated anorectal fistulas","volume":"114","author":"I J Kodner","year":"1993","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02553599","article-title":"Endorectal advancement flap for treatment of simple rectovaginal fistula","volume":"25","author":"D A Rothenberger","year":"1982","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000001004","article-title":"Evaluation and management of rectovaginal fistulas","volume":"61","author":"A R Bhama","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-004-7249-y","article-title":"Outcomes of primary repair of anorectal and rectovaginal fistulas using the endorectal advancement flap","volume":"45","author":"T Sonoda","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02048261","article-title":"Long-term analysis of the use of transanal rectal advancement flaps for complicated anorectal\/vaginal fistulas","volume":"39","author":"G Ozuner","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2168.1998.00557.x","article-title":"Functional results after transanal rectal advancement flap repair of trans-sphincteric fistula","volume":"85","author":"M E Kreis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02090169","article-title":"Surgical treatment of low rectovaginal fistulas","volume":"34","author":"W E Wise Jr","year":"1991","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02239436","article-title":"Anal sphincter integrity and function influences outcome in rectovaginal fistula repair","volume":"41","author":"C B Tsang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2013.08.011","article-title":"Surgical repair of rectovaginal fistulas in patients with Crohn's disease","volume":"171","author":"P A Nosti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-007-0342-1","article-title":"Benign rectovaginal fistulas: management and results of a personal series","volume":"11","author":"J M Devesa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tech Coloproctol"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02050343","article-title":"Surgical repair of rectovaginal fistulas in patients with Crohn's disease: transvaginal approach","volume":"34","author":"M E Sher","year":"1991","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199102000-00010","article-title":"Transvaginal approach for repair of rectovaginal fistulae complicating Crohn's disease","volume":"213","author":"J J Bauer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-009-0522-2","article-title":"LIFT procedure: a simplified technique for fistula-in-ano","volume":"13","author":"A Rojanasakul","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tech Coloproctol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1080\/01443610310001604349","article-title":"Surgical treatment of rectovaginal fistula of obstetric origin: a review of 15 years' experience in a teaching hospital","volume":"23","author":"M S Rahman","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref52","first-page":"727","article-title":"The use of modified Martius graft as an adjunctive technique in vesicovaginal and rectovaginal fistula repair","volume":"75","author":"T E Elkins","year":"1990","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1318.2007.01232.x","article-title":"Treatment of anovaginal or rectovaginal fistulas with modified Martius graft","volume":"9","author":"K Songne","year":"2007","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e112","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1318.2011.02544.x","article-title":"Martius advancement flap for low rectovaginal fistula: short- and long-term results","volume":"13","author":"S Pitel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s101510200007","article-title":"The outcome of transanal advancement flap repair of rectovaginal fistulas is not improved by an additional labial fat flap transposition","volume":"6","author":"D D Zimmerman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Tech Coloproctol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2007.01.009","article-title":"Martius flap: an adjunct for repair of complex, low rectovaginal fistula","volume":"193","author":"M S McNevin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.12791","article-title":"Gracilis muscle interposition for rectovaginal and anovaginal fistula repair: a systematic literature review","volume":"17","author":"A Hotouras","year":"2015","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31817d077d","article-title":"Gracilis muscle interposition for the treatment of rectourethral, rectovaginal, and pouch-vaginal fistulas: results in 53 patients","volume":"248","author":"S D Wexner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1007\/DCR.0b013e3181a74700","article-title":"Operative results and quality of life after gracilis muscle transposition for recurrent rectovaginal fistula","volume":"52","author":"J H Lef\u00e8vre","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-017-2784-x","article-title":"Treatment of rectovaginal fistula with gracilis muscle flap transposition: long-term follow-up","volume":"32","author":"S O Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-009-0470-x","article-title":"Innovative technique for the closure of rectovaginal fistula using Surgisis mesh","volume":"13","author":"O Schwandner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tech Coloproctol"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref62","first-page":"817","article-title":"Rectovaginal fistula: a new technique and preliminary results using collagen matrix biomesh","volume":"18","author":"K W G\u00f6ttgens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tech Coloproctol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"O61","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.13242","article-title":"Is biological mesh interposition a valid option for complex or recurrent rectovaginal fistula?","volume":"18","author":"D Mege","year":"2016","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02235043","article-title":"Reconstruction of rectovaginal fistula with sphincter disruption by combining rectal mucosal advancement flap and anal sphincteroplasty","volume":"42","author":"K S Khanduja","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-006-0790-0","article-title":"Multimedia article. Success of episioproctotomy for cloaca and rectovaginal fistula","volume":"50","author":"T L Hull","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1097\/01.dcr.0000388926.29548.36","article-title":"Surgeons should not hesitate to perform episioproctotomy for rectovaginal fistula secondary to cryptoglandular or obstetrical origin","volume":"54","author":"T L Hull","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02049726","article-title":"Treatment of rectovaginal fistulas that has failed previous repair attempts","volume":"38","author":"H M MacRae","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1067\/msy.2001.116905","article-title":"Repair of recurrent rectovaginal fistulas","volume":"130","author":"A L Halverson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.13510","article-title":"Faecal incontinence in patients with a sphincter defect: comparison of sphincteroplasty and sacral nerve stimulation","volume":"19","author":"F G Rodrigues","year":"2017","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02237359","article-title":"Randomized trial of fecal diversion for sphincter repair","volume":"43","author":"H Hasegawa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02554276","article-title":"The use of transvaginal rectal aduancement flaps in the management of fistulas involving the Qnorectum","volume":"30","author":"I T Jones","year":"1987","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(99)00180-4","article-title":"Endorectal advancemengt flap repair for complex anorectal fistulas","volume":"178","author":"N Hyman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Surg"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0040-1714284.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T11:03:05Z","timestamp":1730804585000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0040-1714284"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"01","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0040-1714284","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1531-0043","1530-9681"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1531-0043","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-9681","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]]}}}