{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T05:24:11Z","timestamp":1783747451518,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Semin Respir Crit Care Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Life-threatening hemoptysis (LTH) is any amount of hemoptysis that causes significant hemodynamic decompensation or respiratory distress which may lead to death if left untreated. While the amount of hemoptysis that qualifies as massive hemoptysis has continued to be debated, any amount between 100 to 1,000\u2009mL\/day is considered significant. Up to 15% cases of hemoptysis are LTH and need urgent life-saving intervention. Understanding of pulmonary vascular anatomy is of paramount importance to manage LTH. The goal of treatment lies in airway protection, appropriate oxygenation, and prevention of exsanguination. Once the airway is stabilized, a quick diagnosis and control of bleeding site is targeted. This chapter highlights current practices and approach to LTH including medical management, bronchoscopic approach, and advanced therapies such as bronchial artery embolization and surgical resection. We review situations, such as bronchiectasis, vascular malformation, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, and tracheostomy bleed and specific approach to management of these conditions in a systematic and evidence-based manner.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1714386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,30]],"date-time":"2020-08-30T22:36:13Z","timestamp":1598826973000},"page":"145-159","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Life-Threatening Hemoptysis"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Himanshu","family":"Deshwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University Robert I Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankur","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atul C.","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"03","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W67-9","DOI":"10.1097\/RTI.0b013e3181e35b0c","article-title":"ACR Appropriateness Criteria hemoptysis","volume":"25","author":"J Jeudy","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Thorac Imaging"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1159\/000274492","article-title":"Massive hemoptysis: an update on the role of bronchoscopy in diagnosis and management","volume":"80","author":"L Sakr","year":"2010","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-009-9788-z","article-title":"Radiological management of hemoptysis: a comprehensive review of diagnostic imaging and bronchial arterial embolization","volume":"33","author":"J Y Chun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00080108","article-title":"Massive haemoptysis: the definition should be revised","volume":"32","author":"W H Ibrahim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200005000-00066","article-title":"Clinical assessment and management of massive hemoptysis","volume":"28","author":"E Jean-Baptiste","year":"2000","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-006-0576-8","article-title":"Ectopic origin of bronchial arteries: assessment with multidetector helical CT angiography","volume":"17","author":"I J Hartmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W117-25","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.05.1578","article-title":"Role of MDCT in identification of the bleeding site and the vessels causing hemoptysis","volume":"188","author":"A Khalil","year":"2007","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.996","article-title":"Immediate and long-term results of bronchial artery embolization for life-threatening hemoptysis","volume":"115","author":"H Mal","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.91.1.80","article-title":"Computed chest tomography in the evaluation of hemoptysis. 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