{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T23:02:47Z","timestamp":1783724567817,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Introduction\u2003The treatment of the displaced fracture of the lateral condyle of the distal humerus in children aims not only to avoid nonunion, malalignment, and impairment of the range of motion of the elbow but also to prevent delayed healing and the development of any prearthrotic deformity. To date there is no agreement on what kind of osteosynthesis should be used. So far, the screw fixation and Kirschner wire fixation have both been applied. Therefore, the goal of this study was to compare the outcome of these two methods.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Materials and Methods\u2003A retrospective cohort study was undertaken including 43 patients aged 2 to 13 years who underwent osteosynthesis for a condylar fracture of the humerus over a period of 10 years. The electronic archive, including the radiological diagnostics, was analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0. Statistical significance was set at an \u03b1 level of p\u2009=\u20090.05.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003Kirschner wire fixation was performed in 48.9% of condylar fractures of the humerus while screw fixation (alone or in combination with a pin) was assessed with a percentage of 51.1% of the cases in this study. Screw fixation only was applied in 20.9% of fractures of the lateral condyle. The selection of the method was independent of the age of the patient (p\u2009=\u20090.2). The comparison of the rate of complications and an impaired range of motion after Kirschner wire osteosynthesis to the rate after screw osteosynthesis showed a significantly lower percentage for the Kirschner wire group (p\u2009=\u20090.046). No case of nonunion, nerve palsy, or pin migration was detected in any patient in this study.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003Kirschner wire fixation of condylar humeral fractures in children resulted in a lower rate of complications than screw fixation. No case of nonunion of the fracture was found in the patients that we investigated so that we conclude that Kirschner wires sufficiently adapt the fracture in these cases.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Level of Evidence\u2003Level III.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1714656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]],"date-time":"2020-07-28T23:59:14Z","timestamp":1595980754000},"page":"374-379","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Lateral Condyle Fracture of the Humerus in Children: Kirschner Wire or Screw Fixation?"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0093-5928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle S.","family":"Wendling-Keim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children\u2019s Hospital, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Teschemacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children\u2019s Hospital, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans-Georg","family":"Dietz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children\u2019s Hospital, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Lehner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Luzerner Kantonsspital Kinderspital Luzern, Luzern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2429","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-017-3677-x","article-title":"Pediatric orthopaedics - from Kirschner wires to titanium","volume":"41","author":"P MMB Fucs","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref2","first-page":"453","article-title":"Pediatric lateral condyle humeral fractures with and without associated elbow dislocations: a retrospective study","volume":"38","author":"K Lemme","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Orthop"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"903","article-title":"The treatment of upper limb fractures in children and adolescents","volume":"107","author":"R Kraus","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2005.09.003","article-title":"Pediatric humeral condyle fractures","volume":"22","author":"G R Gogola","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1177\/1758573217701107","article-title":"Diagnosis, management and complications of distal humerus lateral condyle fractures in children","volume":"10","author":"D A Shaerf","year":"2018","journal-title":"Shoulder Elbow"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref6","first-page":"977","article-title":"Distal humerus fractures in children [in German]","volume":"42","author":"D Schneidmueller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Orthopade"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3181b2842c","article-title":"A new classification system predictive of complications in surgically treated pediatric humeral lateral condyle fractures","volume":"29","author":"J M Weiss","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e83","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000722","article-title":"Conservative management of minimally displaced (\u22642\u2009mm) fractures of the lateral humeral condyle in pediatric patients: a systematic review","volume":"37","author":"D M Knapik","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1097\/BPB.0000000000000238","article-title":"Screw versus pin fixation with open reduction of pediatric lateral condyle fractures","volume":"25","author":"S R Gilbert","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop B"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000579","article-title":"Cannulated lag screw fixation of displaced lateral humeral condyle fractures is associated with lower rates of open reduction and infection than pin fixation","volume":"37","author":"B E Stein","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref11","first-page":"280","article-title":"Screw osteosynthesis in dislocated fractures of the radial condyle of the humerus in the growth period. 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