{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T21:05:54Z","timestamp":1762376754490,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","funder":[{"name":"DHHS, HRSA, MCHB grant","award":["T76MC00008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T76MC00008"]}]},{"name":"NIH, NCATS grant","award":["TL1 TR 003106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TL1 TR 003106"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Perinatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Objective\u2003This study was aimed to examine differences in infant mortality outcomes across maternal age subgroups less than 20 years in the United States with a specific focus on racial and ethnic disparities.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Study Design\u2003Using National Center for Health Statistics cohort-linked live birth\u2013infant death files (2009-2013) in this cross-sectional study, we calculated descriptive statistics by age (&lt;15, 15\u201317, and 18\u201319 years) and racial\/ethnic subgroups (non-Hispanic white [NHW], non-Hispanic black [NHB], and Hispanic) for infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were calculated by race\/ethnicity and age. Preterm birth and other maternal characteristics were included as covariates.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Results\u2003Disparities were greatest for mothers &lt;15 and NHB mothers. The risk of infant mortality among mothers &lt;15 years compared to 18 to 19 years was higher regardless of race\/ethnicity (NHW: aOR\u2009=\u20091.40, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06\u20131.85; NHB: aOR\u2009=\u20091.28, 95% CI: 1.04\u20131.56; Hispanic: aOR\u2009=\u20091.36, 95%CI: 1.07\u20131.74). Compared to NHW mothers, NHB mothers had a consistently higher risk of infant mortality (15\u201317 years: aOR\u2009=\u20091.12, 95% CI: 1.03\u20131.21; 18\u201319 years: aOR\u2009=\u20091.21, 95% CI: 1.15\u20131.27), while Hispanic mothers had a consistently lower risk (15\u201317 years: aOR\u2009=\u20090.72, 95% CI: 0.66\u20130.78; 18\u201319 years: aOR\u2009=\u20090.74, 95% CI: 0.70\u20130.78). Adjusting for preterm birth had a greater influence than maternal characteristics on observed group differences in mortality. For neonatal and postneonatal mortality, patterns of disparities based on age and race\/ethnicity differed from those of overall infant mortality.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Conclusion\u2003Although infants born to younger mothers were at increased risk of mortality, variations by race\/ethnicity and timing of death existed. When adjusted for preterm birth, differences in risk across age subgroups declined and, for some racial\/ethnic groups, disappeared.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Key Points\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1714678","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T22:39:43Z","timestamp":1595543983000},"page":"180-188","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Infant Mortality among Adolescent Mothers in the United States: A 5-Year Analysis of Racial and Ethnic Disparities"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1059-540X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew D.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Care Organization and Policy, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Public Health, Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne E.","family":"Brisendine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Care Organization and Policy, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Public Health, Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martha S.","family":"Wingate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Care Organization and Policy, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Public Health, Birmingham, Alabama"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"03","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6688(199922)18:3<503::AID-PAM12>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Kids Having Kids: Economic Costs and Social Consequences of Teen Pregnancy (book review)","volume":"18","author":"P D Brandon","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Policy Anal 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racial concentration and the birthweight of infants born to adolescent mothers","volume":"18","author":"A S Madkour","year":"2014","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soscij.2013.09.008","article-title":"Young maternal age and low birth weight risk: An exploration of racial\/ethnic disparities in the birth outcomes of mothers in the United States","volume":"50","author":"J A Dennis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soc Sci J"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref45","first-page":"1","article-title":"Assessing the quality of medical and health data from the 2003 birth certificate revision: results from two states","volume":"62","author":"J A Martin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1177\/003335491513000108","article-title":"Validation of selected items on the 2003 U.S. standard certificate of live birth: New York City and Vermont","volume":"130","author":"P Dietz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"395","volume-title":"Research issues in maternal and child health","author":"M S Wingate","year":"2013"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Perinatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0040-1714678.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]],"date-time":"2022-01-11T00:11:29Z","timestamp":1641859889000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0040-1714678"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"02","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0040-1714678","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-1631","1098-8785"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0735-1631"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1098-8785"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]]}}}