{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T15:32:06Z","timestamp":1789399926229,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol Surg B Skull Base"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The orbit is a paired, transversely oval, and cone-shaped osseous cavity bounded and formed by the anterior and middle cranial base as well as the viscerocranium. Its main contents are the anterior part of the visual system, globe and optic nerve, and the associated neural, vascular, muscular, glandular, and ligamentous structures required for oculomotion, lacrimation, accommodation, and sensation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>A complex stream of afferent and efferent information passes through the orbit, which necessitates a direct communication with the anterior and middle cranial fossae, the pterygopalatine and infratemporal fossae, as well as the aerated adjacent frontal, sphenoidal, and maxillary sinuses and the nasal cavity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This article provides a detailed illustration and description of the microsurgical anatomy of the orbit, with a focus on the intrinsically complex spatial relationships around the annular tendon and the superior orbital fissure, the transition from cavernous sinus to the orbital apex. Sparse reference will be made to surgical approaches, their indications or limitations, since they are addressed elsewhere in this special issue. Instead, an attempt has been made to highlight anatomical structures and elucidate concepts most relevant to safe and effective transcranial, transfacial, transorbital, or transnasal surgery of orbital, periorbital, and skull base pathologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1715096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]],"date-time":"2020-09-17T18:52:55Z","timestamp":1600368775000},"page":"319-332","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Anatomy of the Orbit"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Stefan","family":"Lieber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan C.","family":"Fernandez-Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"Skull Base and Related Structures, 2nd ed","author":"J Lang","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref2","volume-title":"Cranial Anatomy and Surgical Approaches","author":"A Rhoton","year":"2003"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000004157","article-title":"An applied anatomical study of the ethmoidal arteries: computed tomographic and direct measurements in human cadavers","volume":"29","author":"U A Felding","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-79404-9","volume-title":"The Cranial Nerves, 2nd ed","author":"A Leblanc","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref5","volume-title":"Surgical Neuroangiography, 2nd ed. Vol. 1","author":"P Lasjaunias","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref6","volume-title":"Atlas of Oculoplastic and Orbital Surgery, 2nd ed","author":"J Dutton","year":"2019"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1301398","article-title":"Anatomy of the inferior orbital fissure: implications for endoscopic cranial base surgery","volume":"73","author":"J C De Battista","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurol Surg B Skull Base"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1975.43.3.0288","article-title":"Microsurgical anatomy of the sellar region","volume":"43","author":"W H Renn","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0040-1715096.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]],"date-time":"2020-10-16T06:00:55Z","timestamp":1602828055000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0040-1715096"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0040-1715096","relation":{},"ISSN":["2193-6331","2193-634X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2193-6331","type":"print"},{"value":"2193-634X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}}}