{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T23:03:31Z","timestamp":1778540611735,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Federa\u00e7\u00e3o das Associa\u00e7\u00f5es de Ginecologia e Obstetr\u00edcia","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,31]],"date-time":"2020-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":30,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003To identify clinical, microscopic, and biochemical characteristics that differentiate cytolytic vaginosis (CV) from vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003The present cross-sectional study analyzed the vaginal contents of 24 non-pregnant women aged 18 to 42 years who were attended at the Genital Infections Clinic at Centro de Aten\u00e7\u00e3o Integral \u00e0 Sa\u00fade da Mulher da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (CAISM-UNICAMP). They were diagnosed either with (CV\u2009=\u20098, VVC\u2009=\u20098) or without vulvovaginitis or vaginal dysbiosis (controls). The socio-demographic, clinical, and gynecological data were obtained from a detailed patient interview. Samples of the vaginal contents were collected for analysis of vaginal pH, gram stain, and specific fungal culture. The Kruskal-Wallis and Fisher exact tests were used to compare the differences between the groups. Odds ratios were used to compare the categorical variables. The significance level was considered at p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003Both women with CV and VVC had a lumpy vaginal discharge (p\u2009=\u20090,002) and vaginal hyperemia (p\u2009=\u20090.001), compared with controls. The inflammatory process was more intense in the VVC group (p\u2009=\u20090.001). In the CV group, there was statistical significance for the lactobacillus amount (p\u2009=\u20090.006), vaginal epithelium lysis (p\u2009=\u20090.001), and vaginal pH (p\u2009=\u20090.0002).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003Cytolytic vaginosis and VVC diagnoses rarely differ on clinical characteristics but have different laboratorial findings. The present study highlights the importance of conducting an accurate investigation through laboratory tests rather than clinical criteria to avoid misdiagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1715139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,31]],"date-time":"2020-10-31T23:31:15Z","timestamp":1604187075000},"page":"634-641","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Laboratorial Aspects of Cytolytic Vaginosis and Vulvovaginal Candidiasis as a Key for Accurate Diagnosis: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.61622","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7025-7421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Marcos","family":"Sanches","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Morphology and Genetics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4365-9879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo C\u00e9sar","family":"Giraldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0545-1332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcela Grigol","family":"Bardin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3567-5812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rose","family":"Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3660-3826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle Garcia","family":"Discacciati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0254-1233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luana","family":"Rossato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"47794","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"06","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.3109\/1040841x.2015.1091805","article-title":"Vulvovaginal candidiasis: Epidemiology, microbiology and risk factors","volume":"42","author":"B Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2017.08.010","article-title":"Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis","volume":"27","author":"F Blostein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9703754","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9703754","article-title":"Risk factors of vulvovaginal candidiasis among women of reproductive age in Xi'an: a cross-sectional study","volume":"2018","author":"X Zeng","year":"2018","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/s1047-2797(00)00072-7","article-title":"Urinary tract infection: self-reported incidence and associated costs","volume":"10","author":"B Foxman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1097\/LGT.0b013e318273e8cf","article-title":"Prevalence of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis in 5 European countries and the United States: results from an internet panel survey","volume":"17","author":"B Foxman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Low Genit Tract Dis"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/s0301-2115(03)00096-4","article-title":"An epidemiological survey of vulvovaginal candidiasis in Italy","volume":"110","author":"S Corsello","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2155","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.43.5.2155-2162.2005","article-title":"Antifungal susceptibilities of Candida species causing vulvovaginitis and epidemiology of recurrent cases","volume":"43","author":"S S Richter","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(07)60917-9","article-title":"Vulvovaginal candidosis","volume":"369","author":"J D Sobel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0202401","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0202401","article-title":"Vaginal lipidomics of women with vulvovaginal candidiasis and cytolytic vaginosis: A non-targeted LC-MS pilot study","volume":"13","author":"J M Sanches","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1159\/000446945","article-title":"Clinical significance and characteristic clinical differences of cytolytic vaginosis in recurrent vulvovaginitis","volume":"82","author":"S Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Invest"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9378(12)90736-x","article-title":"Cytolytic vaginosis","volume":"165","author":"L J Cibley","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e22653","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.22653","article-title":"Characterization of the vaginal microbiome during cytolytic vaginosis using high-throughput sequencing","volume":"33","author":"H Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1097\/lgt.0000000000000076","article-title":"Identification of cytolytic vaginosis versus vulvovaginal candidiasis","volume":"19","author":"Z Hu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Low Genit Tract Dis"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1080\/10647440410001672139","article-title":"Cytolytic vaginosis: misdiagnosed as candidal vaginitis","volume":"12","author":"N Cerikcioglu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1097\/OGX.0b013e31822bdf31","article-title":"Diagnosis of vaginal discharge by wet mount microscopy: a simple and underrated method","volume":"66","author":"I Mylonas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349409072509","article-title":"Vaginal discharge\u2013comparison of clinical, laboratory and microbiological findings","volume":"73","author":"B Wathne","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9378(94)70298-5","article-title":"Vaginal lactobacillosis","volume":"170","author":"B J Horowitz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349509024442","article-title":"Vulvodynia\u2013a complex syndrome of vulvar pain","volume":"74","author":"J Paavonen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00502","article-title":"Vaginal lactobacilli reduce neisseria gonorrhoeae viability through multiple strategies: an in vitro study","volume":"7","author":"C Foschi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e102467","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102467","article-title":"Free glycogen in vaginal fluids is associated with Lactobacillus colonization and low vaginal pH","volume":"9","author":"P Mirmonsef","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13072","article-title":"Differential expression of lactic acid isomers, extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer, and matrix metalloproteinase-8 in vaginal fluid from women with vaginal disorders","volume":"122","author":"J Beghini","year":"2015","journal-title":"BJOG"}],"container-title":["Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetr\u00edcia \/ RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journalrbgo.org\/article\/laboratorial-aspects-of-cytolytic-vaginosis-and-vulvovaginal-candidiasis-as-a-key-for-accurate-diagnosis-a-pilot-study\/","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0040-1715139.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]],"date-time":"2024-07-18T20:55:46Z","timestamp":1721336146000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journalrbgo.org\/article\/laboratorial-aspects-of-cytolytic-vaginosis-and-vulvovaginal-candidiasis-as-a-key-for-accurate-diagnosis-a-pilot-study\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0040-1715139","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0100-7203","1806-9339"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0100-7203","type":"print"},{"value":"1806-9339","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}}}