{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T07:55:33Z","timestamp":1769154933475,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]],"date-time":"2020-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":310,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Background\u2003An addition of analgesic to anesthetic agents is likely to increase the effects of anesthesia and reduce associated adverse outcomes. Several adjuvants are studied in this regard. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of adding a magnesium adjunct to lidocaine for the induction of infraclavicular block.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003Patients referred to Shohada Ashayer Hospital, Khorramabad, for wrist and hand surgery were enrolled in this study. The intervention\/case group included patients who received 18\u2009mL lidocaine (2%)\u2009+\u20092\u2009mL magnesium sulfate (50%), 10\u2009mL normal saline; control group: 18\u2009mL lidocaine (2%)\u2009+\u200912\u2009mL of normal saline. After the induction of ultrasound-guided infraclavicular block, parameters such as duration of reach with respect to complete sensory and motor block, hemodynamic parameters (hypotension and bradycardia), and postoperative pain, using visual analogue scale criteria, were measured. The obtained data were analyzed using a Bayesian path analysis model.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003A total of 30 patients were included in each group. In the case group, sensory and motor block was achieved for 12.136\u2009\u00b1\u20094.96 and 13\u2009\u00b1\u20093.589\u2009minutes more than those in the control group. The duration of sedation and immobilization was 2.57\u2009\u00b1\u20090.764\u2009minute and 4.66\u2009\u00b1\u20090.909\u2009minutes lengthier in the case group. Regarding the hemodynamic parameters, blood pressure was 0.217\u2009\u00b1\u20095.031 and 1.59\u2009\u00b1\u20095.14 units lower in the case group, immediately following the block and the surgery. Similarly, heart rate was 0.776\u2009\u00b1\u20094.548 and 0.39\u2009\u00b1\u20093.987 units higher in the case group, after 30\u2009minutes and 2\u2009hours of the procedure. A decrease in the pain was seen at 8, 10, and 12\u2009hours after the surgery, as compared with the control group. An addition of magnesium to lidocaine for infraclavicular block resulted in a significantly longer sedation and immobilization period and decreased postoperative pain at 12\u2009hours.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003Heart rate and blood pressure did not decrease significantly in the case group. It can be concluded that addition of magnesium sulfate to lidocaine can produce better anesthetic and analgesic outcomes with low-to-no adverse effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1715578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]],"date-time":"2020-11-06T23:49:29Z","timestamp":1604706569000},"page":"e33-e39","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Effects of Magnesium Sulfate with Lidocaine for Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block for Upper Extremity Surgeries"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Siavash","family":"Beiranvand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arash","family":"Karimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Majid","family":"Haghighat Shoar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Baghizadeh Baghdashti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","volume-title":"The Management of Pain. 2nd ed","author":"J Bonica","year":"1990"},{"issue":"23","key":"ref2","first-page":"302","article-title":"Effectiveness of addition of neostigmine or dexamethasone to local anaesthetic in providing perioperative analgesia for brachial plexus block: a prospective, randomized, 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