{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:26:37Z","timestamp":1787318797456,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"06","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Objective\u2003This study investigated variables associated with surgical site infection (SSI) in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture managed with stifle joint examination and lateral fabellotibial suture stabilization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Study Design\u2003A retrospective study of dogs that had stifle arthroscopy, stifle arthrotomy, or a combination of both, followed by lateral fabellotibial suture stabilization for cranial cruciate ligament rupture. All cases had a minimum follow-up of 90 days. Lameness grades were recorded preoperatively, and at 6-week and final follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results\u2003One hundred fifty procedures in 130 dogs met the inclusion criteria. Overall, SSI rate was 17.3% and removal of the lateral fabellotibial suture was performed in 53% of SSI. Multivariable analysis showed significant association between SSI and bodyweight (p\u2009=\u20090.013), and induction using propofol (p\u2009=\u20090.029). Multilevel ordinal logistic regression analysis showed a greater proportion of dogs had a higher lameness grade at 6-week (p\u2009=\u20090.021) and final follow-up (p\u2009=\u20090.002) assessments in the infected compared with non-infected dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion\u2003Our study demonstrated a higher SSI incidence than previously reported in dogs undergoing a lateral fabellotibial suture for cranial cruciate ligament rupture. Bodyweight and induction with propofol were identified as significant risk factors for postoperative SSI. Owners could be advised of an increased SSI risk in larger dogs and consideration should be given to selection of induction agent. Dogs that develop an SSI have a worse lameness grade at 6-week and final follow-up.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1715605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T19:05:29Z","timestamp":1601319929000},"page":"409-416","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Investigation of Variables Associated with Surgical Site Infection following the Management of Canine Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture with a Lateral Fabellotibial Suture"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas W.","family":"Maddox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Institutes of Ageing and Chronic Disease, and Veterinary Science, Liverpool, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Pettitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandan","family":"Wustefeld-Janssens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Innes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CVS Group PLC, ChesterGates Veterinary Specialists, Telford Court, Gates Road, Chester, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eithne","family":"Comerford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Institutes of Ageing and Chronic Disease, and Veterinary Science, Liverpool, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"02","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-5841","article-title":"Retrospective study comparing two materials commonly used in the LFS technique for CCLR","volume":"49","author":"D Lodato","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref2","first-page":"1807","article-title":"The cruciate ligaments of the canine stifle: an anatomical and functional analysis","volume":"38","author":"S P Arnoczky","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2010.00653.x","article-title":"Cranial cruciate ligament disease in dogs: biology versus biomechanics","volume":"39","author":"J L Cook","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.12652","article-title":"Canine cranial cruciate ligament deficient stifle biomechanics associated with extra-articular stabilization predicted using a computer model","volume":"46","author":"N P Brown","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref5","first-page":"79","article-title":"A lateral retinacular imbrication technique for the surgical correction of anterior cruciate ligament rupture in the dog","volume":"157","author":"M DeAngelis","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"1071","volume-title":"Stifle Joint","author":"M P Kowaleski","year":"2018"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2009.00628.x","article-title":"Comparison of short- and long-term function and radiographic osteoarthrosis in dogs after postoperative physical rehabilitation and tibial plateau leveling osteotomy or lateral fabellar suture stabilization","volume":"39","author":"K K Au","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2012.01052.x","article-title":"Long-term functional outcome of tibial plateau leveling osteotomy versus extracapsular repair in a heterogeneous population of dogs","volume":"42","author":"S A Nelson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.243.5.675","article-title":"Comparison of lateral fabellar suture and tibial plateau leveling osteotomy techniques for treatment of dogs with cranial cruciate ligament disease","volume":"243","author":"W J Gordon-Evans","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.12445","article-title":"Long term functional outcome of tibial tuberosity advancement vs. tibial plateau leveling osteotomy and extracapsular repair in a heterogeneous population of dogs","volume":"45","author":"U Krotscheck","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1616587","article-title":"Cranial cruciate ligament rupture in large and giant dogs. A retrospective evaluation of a modified lateral extracapsular stabilization","volume":"20","author":"L Gu\u00e9n\u00e9go","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.234.2.229","article-title":"Complications associated with lateral fabellotibial suture surgery for cranial cruciate ligament injury in dogs: 363 cases (1997-2005)","volume":"234","author":"S A Casale","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT-14-03-0047","article-title":"Treatment of canine cranial cruciate ligament disease. A survey of ACVS Diplomates and primary care veterinarians","volume":"27","author":"F M Duerr","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.253.3.315","article-title":"Retrospective study of factors associated with surgical site infection in dogs following tibial plateau leveling osteotomy","volume":"253","author":"D J Lopez","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT-16-07-0106","article-title":"Comparison of complications following tibial tuberosity advancement and tibial plateau levelling osteotomy in very large and giant dogs 50\u2009kg or more in body weight","volume":"30","author":"E C Hans","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2014.12212.x","article-title":"Locking plate and screw fixation after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy reduces postoperative infection rate in dogs over 50\u2009kg","volume":"44","author":"M A Solano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2014.12269.x","article-title":"Perioperative administration of antimicrobials during tibial plateau leveling osteotomy","volume":"43","author":"A Nazarali","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT-10-07-0109","article-title":"Retrospective study of 476 tibial plateau levelling osteotomy procedures. Rate of subsequent \u2018pivot shift\u2019, meniscal tear and other complications","volume":"24","author":"M Gatineau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2010.00663.x","article-title":"Predictive variables for complications after TPLO with stifle inspection by arthrotomy in 1000 consecutive dogs","volume":"39","author":"N Fitzpatrick","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.236.1.88","article-title":"Risk factors for surgical site infection-inflammation in dogs undergoing surgery for rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament: 902 cases (2005-2006)","volume":"236","author":"T N Frey","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E79","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.12958","article-title":"A prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical study on postoperative antibiotherapy in 150 arthroscopy-assisted tibial plateau leveling osteotomies in dogs","volume":"47","author":"D D Spencer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT-14-09-0141","article-title":"Perioperative risk factors for surgical site infection in tibial tuberosity advancement: 224 stifles","volume":"28","author":"F W Yap","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.12326","article-title":"Efficacy of postoperative antimicrobial use for clean orthopedic implant surgery in dogs: a prospective randomized study in 100 consecutive cases","volume":"44","author":"A Pratesi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2014.12267.x","article-title":"Prospective surgical site infection surveillance in dogs","volume":"44","author":"R Turk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT-11-12-0177","article-title":"Outcome following removal of TPLO implants with surgical site infection","volume":"26","author":"R Savicky","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.249.2.208","article-title":"Outcomes and complications following surgical correction of grade IV medial patellar luxation in dogs: 24 cases (2008-2014)","volume":"249","author":"A E Dunlap","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.12327","article-title":"Prospective, randomized comparison of the effect of two antimicrobial regimes on surgical site infection rate in dogs undergoing orthopedic implant surgery","volume":"44","author":"M J Aiken","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"ref29","volume-title":"Piermattei's Atlas of Surgical Approaches to the Bones and Joints of the Dog and Cat. 5th ed","author":"K A Johnson","year":"2014"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.12419","article-title":"Peak vertical force and vertical impulse in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture and meniscal injury","volume":"45","author":"B G Wustefeld-Janssens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12328","article-title":"Retrospective evaluation of the efficacy of isolating bacteria from synovial fluid in dogs with suspected septic arthritis","volume":"93","author":"V F Scharf","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2005.tb00307.x","article-title":"Retrospective study of bacterial infective arthritis in 31 dogs","volume":"46","author":"D N Clements","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref33","first-page":"375","article-title":"Effects of incision closure method on infection prevalence following tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in dogs","volume":"56","author":"C Atwood","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2004.04076.x","article-title":"A prospective study of postoperative surgical site infections in dogs and cats","volume":"33","author":"S Eugster","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1053\/jvet.1999.0256","article-title":"The association of propofol usage with postoperative wound infection rate in clean wounds: a retrospective study","volume":"28","author":"E Heldmann","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2206.150376","article-title":"Infectious disease risk associated with contaminated propofol anesthesia, 1989-2014(1)","volume":"22","author":"A Zorrilla-Vaca","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2010.06.003","article-title":"Outbreak of severe sepsis due to contaminated propofol: lessons to learn","volume":"76","author":"A E Muller","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199507203330303","article-title":"Postoperative infections traced to contamination of an intravenous anesthetic, propofol","volume":"333","author":"S N Bennett","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"25","key":"ref39","first-page":"426","article-title":"Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Postsurgical infections associated with an extrinsically contaminated intravenous anesthetic agent--California, Illinois, Maine, and Michigan, 1990","volume":"39","year":"1990","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref40","first-page":"104","article-title":"Propofol: review of potential risks during administration","volume":"85","author":"A C Adler","year":"2017","journal-title":"AANA J"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0138043","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138043","article-title":"Propofol increases host susceptibility to microbial infection by reducing subpopulations of mature immune effector cells at sites of infection","volume":"10","author":"L Visvabharathy","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6511","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202215","article-title":"Propofol inhibits superoxide production, elastase release, and chemotaxis in formyl peptide-activated human neutrophils by blocking formyl peptide receptor 1","volume":"190","author":"S C Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E962","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9110962","article-title":"Effects of alfaxalone or propofol on giant-breed dog neonates viability during elective caesarean sections","volume":"9","author":"M Melandri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.13063","article-title":"The effect of induction with propofol or ketamine and diazepam on quality of anaesthetic recovery in dogs","volume":"60","author":"R A Reed","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-015-0259-6","article-title":"Propofol: a review of its role in pediatric anesthesia and sedation","volume":"29","author":"V Chidambaran","year":"2015","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2009.12.011","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance of bacterial biofilms","volume":"35","author":"N H\u00f8iby","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2012.00938.x","article-title":"Pathogenesis and treatment concepts of orthopaedic biofilm infections","volume":"65","author":"W Zimmerli","year":"2012","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref48","volume-title":"BSAVA Small Animal Formulary. 8th ed","author":"I Ramsey","year":"2014"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.242.3.355","article-title":"Effect of using triclosan-impregnated suture for incisional closure on surgical site infection and inflammation following tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in dogs","volume":"242","author":"S W Etter","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-6553(05)80201-9","article-title":"CDC definitions of nosocomial surgical site infections, 1992: a modification of CDC definitions of surgical wound infections","volume":"20","author":"T C Horan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"issue":"16","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.103688","article-title":"Client-assessed long-term outcome in dogs with surgical site infection following tibial plateau levelling osteotomy","volume":"179","author":"G Brown","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12610","article-title":"TTA-Rapid in the treatment of the canine cruciate deficient stifle: short- and medium-term outcome","volume":"58","author":"S J Butterworth","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.12516","article-title":"Surgical technique and initial clinical experience with a novel extracapsular articulating implant for treatment of the canine cruciate ligament deficient stifle joint","volume":"45","author":"V J Barkowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT-15-12-0206","article-title":"Evaluation of an intra-articular synthetic ligament for treatment of cranial cruciate ligament disease in dogs: a six-month prospective clinical trial","volume":"29","author":"M D Barnhart","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"}],"container-title":["Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0040-1715605.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,8]],"date-time":"2023-10-08T10:31:27Z","timestamp":1696761087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0040-1715605"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"06","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0040-1715605","relation":{},"ISSN":["0932-0814","2567-6911"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0932-0814","type":"print"},{"value":"2567-6911","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]]}}}