{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T15:20:21Z","timestamp":1783783221021,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":188,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Thromb Haemost"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>COVID-19 is also manifested with hypercoagulability, pulmonary intravascular coagulation, microangiopathy, and venous thromboembolism (VTE) or arterial thrombosis. Predisposing risk factors to severe COVID-19 are male sex, underlying cardiovascular disease, or cardiovascular risk factors including noncontrolled diabetes mellitus or arterial hypertension, obesity, and advanced age. The VAS-European Independent Foundation in Angiology\/Vascular Medicine draws attention to patients with vascular disease (VD) and presents an integral strategy for the management of patients with VD or cardiovascular risk factors (VD-CVR) and COVID-19. VAS recommends (1) a COVID-19-oriented primary health care network for patients with VD-CVR for identification of patients with VD-CVR in the community and patients' education for disease symptoms, use of eHealth technology, adherence to the antithrombotic and vascular regulating treatments, and (2) close medical follow-up for efficacious control of VD progression and prompt application of physical and social distancing measures in case of new epidemic waves. For patients with VD-CVR who receive home treatment for COVID-19, VAS recommends assessment for (1) disease worsening risk and prioritized hospitalization of those at high risk and (2) VTE risk assessment and thromboprophylaxis with rivaroxaban, betrixaban, or low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) for those at high risk. For hospitalized patients with VD-CVR and COVID-19, VAS recommends (1) routine thromboprophylaxis with weight-adjusted intermediate doses of LMWH (unless contraindication); (2) LMWH as the drug of choice over unfractionated heparin or direct oral anticoagulants for the treatment of VTE or hypercoagulability; (3) careful evaluation of the risk for disease worsening and prompt application of targeted antiviral or convalescence treatments; (4) monitoring of D-dimer for optimization of the antithrombotic treatment; and (5) evaluation of the risk of VTE before hospital discharge using the IMPROVE-D-dimer score and prolonged post-discharge thromboprophylaxis with rivaroxaban, betrixaban, or LMWH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1715798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,13]],"date-time":"2020-09-13T22:35:21Z","timestamp":1600036521000},"page":"1597-1628","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":131,"title":["Guidance for the Management of Patients with Vascular Disease or Cardiovascular Risk Factors and COVID-19: Position Paper from VAS-European Independent Foundation in Angiology\/Vascular Medicine"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2316-6348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grigoris T.","family":"Gerotziafas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology and Thrombosis Center, H\u00f4pital Tenon, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires de l'Est Parisien, Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Paris, France"},{"name":"Research Group Cancer, Haemostasis and Angiogenesis,\u201d INSERM U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Universitaire de Canc\u00e9rologie, Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariella","family":"Catalano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center on Vascular Disease & Angiology Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, L Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary-Paula","family":"Colgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, St. James's Hospital\/Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zsolt","family":"Pecsvarady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Medicine, Flor Ferenc Teaching Hospital, Kistarcsa, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Claude","family":"Wautrecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Pathologie Vasculaire, H\u00f4pital ERASME, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelle, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahare","family":"Fazeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Department, Avicenna (Bu-Ali) Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan-Mircea","family":"Olinic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Clinic No. 1, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katalin","family":"Farkas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Angiology, St. Imre University Teaching Hospital, Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ismail","family":"Elalamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology and Thrombosis Center, H\u00f4pital Tenon, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires de l'Est Parisien, Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Paris, France"},{"name":"Research Group Cancer, Haemostasis and Angiogenesis,\u201d INSERM U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Universitaire de Canc\u00e9rologie, Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Falanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, & the Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jawed","family":"Fareed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chryssa","family":"Papageorgiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service Anesth\u00e9sie, R\u00e9animation et M\u00e9decine P\u00e9riop\u00e9ratoire, H\u00f4pital Tenon, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires de l'Est Parisien, Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Facult\u00e9 de m\u00e9decine, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosella S.","family":"Arellano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Philippine Society of Vascular Medicine, Manila, Philippine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petros","family":"Agathagelou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inrterventional Cardiology, American Heart Institute of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darco","family":"Antic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Hematology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciana","family":"Auad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicina Vascular, Sanatorio Allende C\u00f3rdoba, Ciencias M\u00e9dicas, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ljiljana","family":"Banfic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Center, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Bartolomew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bela","family":"Benczur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Balassa Janos County Hospital, University Medical School, Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa B.","family":"Bernardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Philippine Society of Vascular Medicine, Manila, Philippine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Boccardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Unit of Lymphatic Surgery, IRCCS S. Martino Hospital, University of Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renate","family":"Cifkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Cardiology, Thomayer Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benilde","family":"Cosmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Angiology and Blood Coagulation, Department of Specialty, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"De Marchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Angiology Unit, Cardiovascular and Thoracic and Medicine Department, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evangelos","family":"Dimakakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Unit of 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meletios A.","family":"Dimopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hellenic Society of Hematology, Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Dimitrov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center on Vascular Disease & Angiology Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, L Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Durand-Zaleski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris, CRESS, INSERM, INRA, URCEco, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital de l'H\u00f4tel Dieu, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Edmonds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetic Foot Clinic, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Essam Abo","family":"El Nazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departement of Surgery, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilek","family":"Erer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Besevler\/Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar L.","family":"Esponda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Perea, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Gresele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, -University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Gschwandtner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MedizinischeUniversti\u00e4t Wien, Universit\u00e4tsklinik f\u00fcr Innere Medizin II, Klinische Abteilung f\u00fcr Angiologie, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongquan","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Heinzmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicina Vascular, Sanatorio Allende C\u00f3rdoba, Ciencias M\u00e9dicas, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi M.","family":"Hamburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute Department of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amer","family":"Hamad\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Medicine Unit, Internal Medicine Department, King Fahad University Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noor-Ahmed","family":"Jatoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Vascular Medicine, Mulhouse Hospital Center, Mulhouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oguz","family":"Karahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical School of Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya\/Antalya, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debora","family":"Karetova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Karplus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Medicine, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Klein-Weigel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik f\u00fcr Angiologie, Zentrum f\u00fcr Innere Medizin II, Ernst von Bergmann Klinikum, Potsdam, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Endre","family":"Kolossvary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Angiology, St. Imre University Teaching Hospital, Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matija","family":"Kozak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Vascular Diseases, Medical Faculty of Ljubljana, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleftheria","family":"Lefkou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Board member of the Institute for the Study and Education on Thrombosis and Antithrombotic Therapy, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianfranco","family":"Lessiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Angiology Unit, Internal Medicine Department., Citt\u00e0 Sant' Angelo Hospital, AUSL 03, Pescara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Liew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Portiuncula University Hospital, Soalta University Health Care Group, National University of Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Marcoccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e0 di Medicina Vascolare e Autoimmunit\u00e0, CRIIS-Centro di riferimento interdisciplinare per la Sclerosi Sistemica, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Marshang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Marakomichelakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Angiology Unit, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiri","family":"Matuska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MATMED s.r.o., Private Angiology Facility, Hodonin, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc","family":"Moraglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Angiologie Centre Cours du M\u00e9doc, M\u00e9decine Vasculaire Travail, Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Pillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOSD Angiology, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, National Health Institute ISS, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavel","family":"Poredos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Association of Slovenia and SMA, Slovenia Academic Research Centre, Slovenian Medical Academy, Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manlio","family":"Prior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Angiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David Raymund K.","family":"Salvador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Philippine Society of Vascular Medicine, Manila, Philippine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Schlager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine 2, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerit","family":"Schernthaner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine 2, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Sieron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland"},{"name":"Specialist Hospital, Bytom, Jan D\u0142ugosz University in Cz\u0119stochowa, Cz\u0119stochowa, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Spaak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Stockholm County, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Spyropoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Anticoagulation and Clinical Thrombosis Services, Northwell Health at Lenox Hill Hospital, The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, New York, New York, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muriel","family":"Sprynger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, University Hospital Sart Tilman, Liege, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dusan","family":"Suput","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agata","family":"Stanek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Bytom, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viera","family":"Stvrtinova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Szuba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Angiology, Hypertension and Diabetology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfonso","family":"Tafur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Medicine University of Chicago, Northshore Cardiovascular Institute, Skokie, Illinois, US Army"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Vandreden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group Cancer, Haemostasis and Angiogenesis,\u201d INSERM U938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Universitaire de Canc\u00e9rologie, Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne University, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panagiotis E.","family":"Vardas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School of Crete, University of Crete and Heart Sector, Hellenic Healthcare Group, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dragan","family":"Vasic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Noninvasive vascular laboratory, Clinic of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miikka","family":"Vikkula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Wennberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gonda Vascular Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenguo","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Scientific Reviewer Committee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"03","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0118-9","article-title":"Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses","volume":"17","author":"J Cui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2008-3","article-title":"A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China","volume":"579","author":"F Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30251-8","article-title":"Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding","volume":"395","author":"R Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00127-20","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00127-20","article-title":"Receptor recognition by novel coronavirus from Wuhan: an analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS","volume":"94","author":"Y Wan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30211-7","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study","volume":"395","author":"N Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.25829","article-title":"Hematological findings and complications of COVID-19","volume":"95","author":"E Terpos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s41030-020-00118-5","article-title":"A review: does complement or the contact system have a role in protection or pathogenesis of COVID-19?","volume":"6","author":"N Maglakelidze","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pulm Ther"},{"issue":"23","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.04.031","article-title":"COVID-19 and thrombotic or thromboembolic disease: implications for prevention, antithrombotic therapy, and follow-up: JACC state-of-the-art review","volume":"75","author":"B Bikdeli","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","article-title":"Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China","volume":"395","author":"C Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"20","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.6775","article-title":"Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City Area","volume":"323","author":"S Richardson","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004457","article-title":"ICU and ventilator mortality among critically ill adults with coronavirus disease 2019","author":"S C Auld","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"18","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.03.031","article-title":"Cardiovascular considerations for patients, health care workers, and health systems during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"75","author":"E Driggin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(20)30084-4","article-title":"COVID-19 and the liver: little cause for concern","volume":"5","author":"M N Bangash","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30628-0","article-title":"COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression","volume":"395","author":"P Mehta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.306301","article-title":"Endothelial cell dysfunction and the pathobiology of atherosclerosis","volume":"118","author":"M A Gimbrone Jr","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.04.052","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of cardiovascular diseases for 10 causes, 1990 to 2015","volume":"70","author":"G A Roth","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1570","article-title":"Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis","volume":"203","author":"I Hamming","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271.e8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor","volume":"181","author":"M Hoffmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9896(2000)9999:9999<::AID-PATH743>3.0.CO;2-T","article-title":"Expression of transmembrane serine protease TMPRSS2 in mouse and human tissues","volume":"193","author":"M H Vaarala","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"140183","article-title":"COVID-19, microangiopathy, hemostatic activation, and complement","volume":"140183","author":"W C Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1613388","article-title":"Endothelial cell serine proteases expressed during vascular morphogenesis and angiogenesis","volume":"89","author":"R T Aimes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2007.05.092","article-title":"Cleavage of spike protein of SARS coronavirus by protease factor Xa is associated with viral infectivity","volume":"359","author":"L Du","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e324","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0030324","article-title":"Design of wide-spectrum inhibitors targeting coronavirus main proteases","volume":"3","author":"H Yang","year":"2005","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e200179","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760200179","article-title":"Coagulation modifiers targeting SARS-CoV-2 main protease Mpro for COVID-19 treatment: an in silico approach","volume":"115","author":"\u00cdV Biembengut","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2529","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25112529","article-title":"In silico evaluation of the effectivity of approved protease inhibitors against the main protease of the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus","volume":"25","author":"P Eleftheriou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1002\/rth2.12353","article-title":"Using heparin molecules to manage COVID-2019","volume":"4","author":"J Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res Pract Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.05.21.107870","article-title":"Unfractionated heparin potently inhibits the binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to a human cell line","author":"L J Partridge","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01731","article-title":"Platelets and immune responses during thromboinflammation","volume":"10","author":"M Mezger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3819","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V90.10.3819","article-title":"Contact system: a vascular biology modulator with anticoagulant, profibrinolytic, antiadhesive, and proinflammatory attributes","volume":"90","author":"R W Colman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"17","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-04-569111","article-title":"Coagulation factor XII in thrombosis and inflammation","volume":"131","author":"C Maas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1002\/rth2.12162","article-title":"Polyphosphate in thrombosis, hemostasis, and inflammation","volume":"3","author":"C J Baker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Res Pract Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref33","first-page":"e138999","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps in COVID-19","volume":"5","author":"Y Zuo","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref34","first-page":"1358","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps and thrombosis in COVID-19","volume":"48","author":"Y Zuo","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004458","article-title":"Coagulopathy of coronavirus disease 2019","volume":"48","author":"T Iba","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e38","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2007575","article-title":"Coagulopathy and antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with Covid-19","volume":"382","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.05.017","article-title":"Antiphospholipid antibodies are not elevated in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and venous thromboembolism","volume":"192","author":"F Galeano-Valle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-03062-7","article-title":"The vascular endothelium: the cornerstone of organ dysfunction in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"24","author":"S Pons","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14968","article-title":"Curative anticoagulation prevents endothelial lesion in COVID-19 patients","author":"L Khider","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1111\/his.14160","article-title":"Pulmonary and systemic involvement of COVID-19 assessed by ultrasound-guided minimally invasive autopsy","volume":"77","author":"A Nunes Duarte-Neto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2015432","article-title":"Pulmonary vascular endothelialitis, thrombosis, and angiogenesis in Covid-19","volume":"383","author":"M Ackermann","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30243-5","article-title":"Pulmonary and cardiac pathology in African American patients with COVID-19: an autopsy series from New Orleans","volume":"8","author":"S E Fox","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref43","first-page":"568","article-title":"Pathological changes of fatal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the lungs: report of 10 cases by postmortem needle autopsy [in Chinese]","volume":"49","author":"J H Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30434-5","article-title":"Pulmonary post-mortem findings in a series of COVID-19 cases from northern Italy: a two-centre descriptive study","author":"L Carsana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30937-5","article-title":"Endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis in COVID-19","volume":"395","author":"Z Varga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.16791","article-title":"More on COVID-19 coagulopathy in Caucasian patients","volume":"189","author":"H Fogarty","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.06.010","article-title":"Clinical and computed tomography characteristics of COVID-19 associated acute pulmonary embolism: a different phenotype of thrombotic disease?","volume":"193","author":"L F van Dam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"19","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa254","article-title":"Acute pulmonary embolism and COVID-19 pneumonia: a random association?","volume":"41","author":"G B Danzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202003-0543OC","article-title":"Clinical features of 85 fatal cases of COVID-19 from Wuhan. A retrospective observational study","volume":"201","author":"Y Du","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1111\/his.14134","article-title":"Postmortem examination of COVID-19 patients reveals diffuse alveolar damage with severe capillary congestion and variegated findings in lungs and other organs suggesting vascular dysfunction","volume":"77","author":"T Menter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30367-4","article-title":"Hypoxaemia related to COVID-19: vascular and perfusion abnormalities on dual-energy CT","volume":"20","author":"M Lang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2020050699","article-title":"COVID-19\u2013associated kidney injury: a case series of kidney biopsy findings","volume":"31","author":"P Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-020-02317-w","article-title":"Dying with SARS-CoV-2 infection-an autopsy study of the first consecutive 80 cases in Hamburg, Germany","author":"C Edler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-020-02886-6","article-title":"Pulmonary pathology and COVID-19: lessons from autopsy. The experience of European Pulmonary Pathologists","author":"F Calabrese","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"issue":"23","key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047164","article-title":"The variety of cardiovascular presentations of COVID-19","volume":"141","author":"J A Fried","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30076-X","article-title":"Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Z Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-020-1643-8","article-title":"Clinical and biochemical indexes from 2019-nCoV infected patients linked to viral loads and lung injury","volume":"63","author":"Y Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci China Life Sci"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.04.048","article-title":"Cardiovascular complications in COVID-19","volume":"38","author":"B Long","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.04.021","article-title":"Risk factors of critical & mortal COVID-19 cases: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis","volume":"81","author":"Z Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-05991-x","article-title":"Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China","volume":"46","author":"Q Ruan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e006273","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.118.006273","article-title":"Frequency of cardiac rhythm abnormalities in a half million adults","volume":"11","author":"S Khurshid","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-020-01626-9","article-title":"Prevalence and impact of cardiovascular metabolic diseases on COVID-19 in China","volume":"109","author":"B Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"issue":"13","key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2648","article-title":"Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention","volume":"323","author":"Z Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.04.021","article-title":"Risk factors of critical & mortal COVID-19 cases: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis","volume":"81","author":"Z Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104354","article-title":"Diabetic patients with COVID-19 infection are at higher risk of ICU admission and poor short-term outcome","volume":"127","author":"L Roncon","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1080\/13813450701783513","article-title":"The roles of hyperglycaemia and oxidative stress in the rise and collapse of the natural protective mechanism against vascular endothelial cell dysfunction in diabetes","volume":"113","author":"G Cohen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Physiol Biochem"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.04.021","article-title":"Association of blood glucose control and outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and pre-existing Type 2 diabetes","volume":"31","author":"L Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.23736\/S0392-9590.18.03996-2","article-title":"Epidemiology of peripheral artery disease in Europe: VAS educational paper","volume":"37","author":"D M Olinic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Angiol"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2019.11.006","article-title":"Finally, the big picture of morbidity and mortality in peripheral arterial disease?","volume":"293","author":"B Zierfuss","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2020.04.483","article-title":"Acute limb ischemia in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia","volume":"72","author":"R Bellosta","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31051-5","article-title":"Acute limb ischaemia in two young, non-atherosclerotic patients with COVID-19","volume":"395","author":"P Perini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-020-02176-7","article-title":"Incidence and consequences of systemic arterial thrombotic events in COVID-19 patients","volume":"50","author":"E Cantador","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.04.041","article-title":"Confirmation of the high cumulative incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19: an updated analysis","volume":"191","author":"F A Klok","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.04.024","article-title":"Venous and arterial thromboembolic complications in COVID-19 patients admitted to an academic hospital in Milan, Italy","volume":"191","author":"C Lodigiani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.094","article-title":"Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19: lessons learned from current evidence","volume":"83","author":"P Suchonwanit","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e212","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16387","article-title":"Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19: a first perspective","volume":"34","author":"S Recalcati","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e250","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16474","article-title":"Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19: a new contribution","volume":"34","author":"A Est\u00e9banez","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref78","first-page":"e251","article-title":"Viral exanthem in COVID-19, a clinical enigma with biological significance","volume":"34","author":"C J Su","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e246","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16471","article-title":"A distinctive skin rash associated with coronavirus disease 2019?","volume":"34","author":"A Mah\u00e9","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e244","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16472","article-title":"Urticarial eruption in COVID-19 infection","volume":"34","author":"D Henry","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"18","key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e43","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2010472","article-title":"Immune thrombocytopenic purpura in a patient with Covid-19","volume":"382","author":"A A Zulfiqar","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.14243","article-title":"Two cases of COVID-19 presenting with a clinical picture resembling chilblains: first report from the Middle East","volume":"45","author":"A Alramthan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2020.04.011","article-title":"Coronavirus (COVID-19) infection-induced chilblains: a case report with histopathologic findings","volume":"6","author":"A Kolivras","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.018","article-title":"A dermatologic manifestation of COVID-19: transient livedo reticularis","volume":"83","author":"I F Manalo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1024\/0301-1526\/a000838","article-title":"Chilblains","volume":"49","author":"A Nyssen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vasa"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.19327","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 endothelial infection causes COVID-19 chilblains: histopathological, immunohistochemical and ultraestructural study of 7 paediatric cases","volume":"183","author":"I Colmenero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19938","DOI":"10.2196\/19938","article-title":"Information technology-based management of clinically healthy COVID-19 patients: lessons from a living and treatment support center operated by seoul national university hospital","volume":"22","author":"Y S Bae","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"S 01","key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-9498","article-title":"An update on heparins at the beginning of the new millennium","volume":"26","author":"J Fareed","year":"2000","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Hemost"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1097\/00024382-199804000-00007","article-title":"Low molecular weight heparin prevents the pulmonary hemodynamic and pathomorphologic effects of endotoxin in a porcine acute lung injury model","volume":"9","author":"B J Darien","year":"1998","journal-title":"Shock"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0214996","article-title":"Heparin's anti-inflammatory effects require glucosamine 6-O-sulfation and are mediated by blockade of L- and P-selectins","volume":"110","author":"L Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2016.08.008","article-title":"Low molecular weight heparins prevent the induction of autophagy of activated neutrophils and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps","volume":"123","author":"A A Manfredi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00000237","article-title":"Low molecular weight heparin inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced leukocyte rolling","volume":"50","author":"M X Wan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Inflamm Res"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.115.011247","article-title":"Pharmacology of heparin and related drugs","volume":"68","author":"B Mulloy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"issue":"S 01","key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.13230","article-title":"Thromboembolic events and apparent heparin resistance in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2","volume":"42","author":"R Beun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Lab Hematol"},{"key":"ref95","first-page":"571","volume-title":"Heparin and low molecular weight heparin in thrombosis and inflammation: emerging link","author":"S A Mousa","year":"2005"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1177\/1076029608319881","article-title":"Are all low molecular weight heparins equivalent in the management of venous thromboembolism?","volume":"14","author":"J Fareed","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Appl Thromb Hemost"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2007.02477.x","article-title":"Effect of the anti-factor Xa and anti-factor IIa activities of low-molecular-weight heparins upon the phases of thrombin generation","volume":"5","author":"G T Gerotziafas","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1002\/rth2.12120","article-title":"Comparison of antithrombin-dependent and direct inhibitors of factor Xa or thrombin on the kinetics and qualitative characteristics of blood clots","volume":"2","author":"S Salta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Res Pract Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14850","article-title":"Hypercoagulability of COVID-19 patients in intensive care unit: A report of thromboelastography findings and other parameters of hemostasis","volume":"18","author":"M Panigada","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MJT.0000000000001113","article-title":"Activated clotting times demonstrate weak correlation with heparin dosing in adult extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","author":"B Hohlfelder","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Ther"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1076029619876030","article-title":"Evaluation of antifactor-Xa heparin assay and activated partial thromboplastin time values in patients on therapeutic continuous infusion unfractionated heparin therapy","author":"K McLaughlin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Appl Thromb Hemost"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2018.11.031","article-title":"Study of the bioaccumulation of tinzaparin in renally impaired patients when given at prophylactic doses - the STRIP study","volume":"174","author":"D Projean","year":"2019","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1159\/000477474","article-title":"Empirically reduced dosages of tinzaparin in patients with moderate-to-severe renal insufficiency lead to inadequate anti-Xa levels","volume":"137","author":"R H Olie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-015-1880-5","article-title":"A systematic review on the accumulation of prophylactic dosages of low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) in patients with renal insufficiency","volume":"71","author":"F Atiq","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1805090","article-title":"Rivaroxaban for thromboprophylaxis after hospitalization for medical illness","volume":"379","author":"A C Spyropoulos","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1111096","article-title":"Rivaroxaban for thromboprophylaxis in acutely ill medical patients","volume":"368","author":"A T Cohen","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1601747","article-title":"Extended thromboprophylaxis with betrixaban in acutely ill medical patients","volume":"375","author":"A T Cohen","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1160\/TH09-09-0659","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and safety of the novel oral anticoagulants dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban in preclinical and clinical development","volume":"103","author":"M Ufer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12421","article-title":"Antiviral activity of aspirin against RNA viruses of the respiratory tract-an in vitro study","volume":"11","author":"B Glatthaar-Saalm\u00fcller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-018-1988-y","article-title":"The preventive effect of antiplatelet therapy in acute respiratory distress syndrome: a meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Y Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.07177","article-title":"Effects of pre-hospital antiplatelet therapy on the incidence of ARDS","volume":"65","author":"W Jin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.104950","article-title":"Enhanced platelet inhibition treatment improves hypoxemia in patients with severe Covid-19 and hypercoagulability. A case control, proof of concept study","volume":"158","author":"M Viecca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1007\/s12471-020-01439-5","article-title":"Renin-angiotensin system inhibition in COVID-19 patients","volume":"28","author":"A AF de Vries","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neth Heart J"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2020-137935","article-title":"ACE2 and COVID-19 and the resulting ARDS","volume":"96","author":"X Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.05.17.20104943","article-title":"Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers with the risk of hospitalization and death in hypertensive patients with coronavirus disease-19","author":"R Khera","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpaa096","article-title":"Use of RAAS inhibitors and risk of clinical deterioration in COVID-19: results from an Italian cohort of 133 hypertensives","volume":"33","author":"C Felice","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-004-0050-5","article-title":"Low-density lipoprotein particle number and risk for cardiovascular disease","volume":"6","author":"W C Cromwell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Atheroscler Rep"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-018-0715-0","article-title":"The interplay of lipids, lipoproteins, and immunity in atherosclerosis","volume":"20","author":"A Pirillo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Atheroscler Rep"},{"key":"ref119","first-page":"180","article-title":"The effect of diet-induced serum hypercholesterolemia on the surfactant system and the development of lung injury","volume":"7","author":"S Milos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Rep"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.05.09.086249","article-title":"The role of high cholesterol in age-related COVID19 lethality, Version 3","author":"H Wang","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E197","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00255.2020","article-title":"Cholesterol: A new game player accelerating vasculopathy caused by SARS-CoV-2?","volume":"319","author":"X Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2020.94655","article-title":"Statins and the COVID-19 main protease: in silico evidence on direct interaction","volume":"16","author":"\u017d Reiner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Med Sci"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.05.115","article-title":"Potential role of statins in COVID-19","volume":"96","author":"K CH Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2021436","article-title":"Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with Covid-19 - preliminary report","author":"P Horby","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.1099","article-title":"Clopidogrel increases dasabuvir exposure with or without ritonavir, and ritonavir inhibits the bioactivation of clopidogrel","volume":"105","author":"M K Itkonen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-018-0637-6","article-title":"Impact of boosted antiretroviral therapy on the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of clopidogrel and prasugrel active metabolites","volume":"57","author":"N Marsousi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14871","article-title":"Direct oral anticoagulant plasma levels' striking increase in severe COVID-19 respiratory syndrome patients treated with antiviral agents: the Cremona experience","volume":"18","author":"S Testa","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1178-3551","article-title":"Coagulopathy in COVID-19 and its implication for safe and efficacious thromboprophylaxis","volume":"40","author":"F Langer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hamostaseologie"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.05.039","article-title":"Thrombosis risk associated with COVID-19 infection. A scoping review","volume":"192","author":"F Al-Ani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-020-04103-5","article-title":"Hematological findings in coronavirus disease 2019: indications of progression of disease","volume":"99","author":"X Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14859","article-title":"D-dimer levels on admission to predict in-hospital mortality in patients with Covid-19","volume":"18","author":"L Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14876","article-title":"Uncertainties on the prognostic value of D-dimers in COVID-19 patients","volume":"18","author":"J C Gris","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14899","article-title":"Response to \u201cuncertainties on the prognostic value of D-dimers in COVID-19 patients\u201d","volume":"18","author":"L Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30566-3","article-title":"Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"395","author":"F Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1585","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China","volume":"323","author":"D Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2006.02.014","article-title":"D-dimer local expression is increased in symptomatic patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy","volume":"116","author":"J Krupinski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1160\/th14-04-0297","article-title":"Elevated levels of D-dimers increase the risk of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke. Findings from the EPICOR Study","volume":"112","author":"A Di Castelnuovo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.12155","article-title":"Guidance for diagnosis and treatment of DIC from harmonization of the recommendations from three guidelines","volume":"11","author":"H Wada","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14768","article-title":"Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia","volume":"18","author":"N Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8S","DOI":"10.1177\/1076029618806424","article-title":"Disseminated intravascular coagulation: an update on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic strategies","volume":"24","author":"C Papageorgiou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Appl Thromb Hemost"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1160\/TH15-08-0687","article-title":"Antithrombin: anti-inflammatory properties and clinical applications","volume":"115","author":"J H Levy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1616068","article-title":"Towards definition, clinical and laboratory criteria, and a scoring system for disseminated intravascular coagulation","volume":"86","author":"F B Taylor Jr","year":"2001","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref143","first-page":"1","article-title":"Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China","volume":"180","author":"C Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.16749","article-title":"COVID19 coagulopathy in Caucasian patients","volume":"189","author":"H Fogarty","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000000824","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of fatal and recovered cases of coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective study","volume":"133","author":"Y Deng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1716544","article-title":"Derivation and validation of a predictive score for disease worsening in patients with COVID-19","volume":"120","author":"G T Gerotziafas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e438","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(20)30145-9","article-title":"Coagulation abnormalities and thrombosis in patients with COVID-19","volume":"7","author":"M Levi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14866","article-title":"Laboratory haemostasis monitoring in COVID-19","volume":"18","author":"J Thachil","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14768","article-title":"Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia","volume":"18","author":"N Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.05.001","article-title":"Association of treatment dose anticoagulation with in-hospital survival among hospitalized patients with COVID-19","volume":"76","author":"I Paranjpe","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-020-02162-z","article-title":"The association between treatment with heparin and survival in patients with Covid-19","volume":"50","author":"L Ayerbe","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2020-0502","article-title":"COVID-19: progression of disease and intravascular coagulation - present status and future perspectives","volume":"58","author":"J Harenberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020006000","article-title":"COVID-19 and its implications for thrombosis and anticoagulation","volume":"135","author":"J M Connors","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"15","key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.15.1869","article-title":"Caring for the critically ill patient. High-dose antithrombin III in severe sepsis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"286","author":"B L Warren","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14854","article-title":"The procoagulant pattern of patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"18","author":"M Ranucci","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-020-02145-0","article-title":"Heparin resistance in COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit","volume":"50","author":"D White","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14828","article-title":"Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) treatment for COVID-19 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): a case series","volume":"18","author":"J Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000002786","article-title":"Rescue therapy for severe COVID-19 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA): a case series","volume":"89","author":"C D Barrett","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000002787","article-title":"Early outcomes with utilization of tissue plasminogen activator in COVID-19 associated respiratory distress: a series of five cases","volume":"89","author":"D B Christie III","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1710019","article-title":"Prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism associated with coronavirus disease 2019 infection: a consensus statement before guidelines","volume":"120","author":"Z Zhai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14929","article-title":"Scientific and Standardization Committee Communication: clinical guidance on the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with COVID-19","volume":"18","author":"A C Spyropoulos","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.05.559","article-title":"Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of VTE in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: CHEST guideline and expert panel report","volume":"158","author":"L K Moores","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14810","article-title":"ISTH interim guidance on recognition and management of coagulopathy in COVID-19","volume":"18","author":"J Thachil","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-020-02138-z","article-title":"Thromboembolism and anticoagulant therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic: interim clinical guidance from the anticoagulation forum","volume":"50","author":"G D Barnes","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1080\/21548331.2020.1772639","article-title":"Anti-coagulant and anti-platelet therapy in the COVID-19 patient: a best practices quality initiative across a large health system","volume":"48","author":"R A Watson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hosp Pract (1995)"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.16727","article-title":"Thromboembolic risk and anticoagulant therapy in COVID-19 patients: emerging evidence and call for action","volume":"189","author":"A Kollias","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"ref168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e195S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-2296","article-title":"Prevention of VTE in nonsurgical patients: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines","volume":"14","author":"S R Kahn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref169","first-page":"111","article-title":"Prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism--international consensus statement","volume":"32","author":"A N Nicolaides","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int Angiol"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14869","article-title":"High incidence of venous thromboembolic events in anticoagulated severe COVID-19 patients","volume":"18","author":"J F Llitjos","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06062-x","article-title":"High risk of thrombosis in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: a multicenter prospective cohort study","volume":"46","author":"J Helms","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E189","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020201561","article-title":"Acute pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 patients on CT angiography and relationship to D-dimer levels","volume":"296","author":"I Leonard-Lorant","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E186","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020201544","article-title":"Acute pulmonary embolism associated with COVID-19 pneumonia detected by pulmonary CT angiography","volume":"296","author":"F Grillet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14888","article-title":"Incidence of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with COVID-19","volume":"18","author":"S Middeldorp","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-020-02146-z","article-title":"Systematic assessment of venous thromboembolism in COVID-19 patients receiving thromboprophylaxis: incidence and role of D-dimer as predictive factors","volume":"50","author":"M Artifoni","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020006520","article-title":"COVID-19 and coagulation: bleeding and thrombotic manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"136","author":"H Al-Samkari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909093411103","article-title":"A comparison of enoxaparin with placebo for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in acutely ill medical patients","volume":"341","author":"M M Samama","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000138928.83266.24","article-title":"Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of dalteparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in acutely ill medical patients","volume":"110","author":"A Leizorovicz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38733.466748.7C","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of fondaparinux for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in older acute medical patients: randomised placebo controlled trial","volume":"332","author":"A T Cohen","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1710317","article-title":"Hypercoagulation and antithrombotic treatment in coronavirus 2019: a new challenge","volume":"120","author":"F Violi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"S 01","key":"ref182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2018.02.004","article-title":"Updated clinical models for VTE prediction in hospitalized medical patients","volume":"164","author":"G T Gerotziafas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-153-1-201007060-00004","article-title":"Extended-duration venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in acutely ill medical patients with recently reduced mobility: a randomized trial","volume":"153","author":"R D Hull","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1080\/13696998.2019.1645679","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of betrixaban extended prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism compared with standard-duration prophylaxis intervention in acute medically ill patients: a systematic literature review and network meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"V Laskier","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Med Econ"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-1944","article-title":"Predictive and associative models to identify hospitalized medical patients at risk for VTE","volume":"140","author":"A C Spyropoulos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e59","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1705137","article-title":"Modified IMPROVE VTE risk score and elevated D-dimer identify a high venous thromboembolism risk in acutely ill medical population for extended thromboprophylaxis","volume":"4","author":"A C Spyropoulos","year":"2020","journal-title":"TH Open"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e001152","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.114.001152","article-title":"External validation of the risk assessment model of the International Medical Prevention Registry on Venous Thromboembolism (IMPROVE) for medical patients in a tertiary health system","volume":"3","author":"D Rosenberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14146","article-title":"Rivaroxaban for thromboprophylaxis among patients recently hospitalized for acute infectious diseases: a subgroup analysis of the MAGELLAN study","volume":"16","author":"K P Cohoon","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"22","key":"ref189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3198","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2018022954","article-title":"American Society of Hematology 2018 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: prophylaxis for hospitalized and nonhospitalized medical patients","volume":"2","author":"H J Sch\u00fcnemann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1713152","article-title":"Pharmacological agents targeting thromboinflammation in COVID-19: review and implications for future research","volume":"120","author":"B Bikdeli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"18","key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China","volume":"382","author":"W J Guan","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Thrombosis and Haemostasis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0040-1715798.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]],"date-time":"2022-11-18T02:49:34Z","timestamp":1668739774000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0040-1715798"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,13]]},"references-count":188,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0040-1715798","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-6245","2567-689X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-6245","type":"print"},{"value":"2567-689X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,13]]}}}