{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T14:41:55Z","timestamp":1776523315385,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol Surg B Skull Base"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003Computed tomography (CT) is a powerful tool for delineating the anatomy of the anterior skull base. The goal of this study is to further characterize the relevant anatomical features of this area, along with other parameters important for endoscopic sinus surgery.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Design\u2003Retrospective case review.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Setting\u2003Tertiary care hospital.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Participants\u2003Thirty patients who had CT scans of the paranasal sinuses.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Main Outcome Measures\u2003The following features were assessed using image analysis software: olfactory fossa depth, the length and angle of the lateral lamella, fovea ethmoidalis length and shape, ethmoid roof height and slope, and the position and course of the anterior ethmoid artery. Statistical analysis was performed assessing for differences in the above parameters.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003The mean olfactory fossa depth of the anterior and posterior skull base was 3.4\u2009\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1 and 2.4\u2009\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9\u2009mm, respectively (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The mean lateral lamella length was 3.6\u2009\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9\u2009mm, which did not demonstrate significant variability. The angle of the lateral lamella varied significantly by skull base position, measuring 63.1\u2009\u00b1\u200917.8 degrees anteriorly, and 39.1\u2009\u00b1\u200917.9 degrees posteriorly (p\u2009&lt; 0.05). In scans classified as a Keros type I, 25.3% had lateral lamellae longer than 4\u2009mm. Furthermore, 43.7% had lateral lamellae with angles less than 45 degrees. Moving anteriorly, the posterior skull base sloped downward in 46.7% of patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003Thorough preoperative assessment of CT scans is crucial to understanding the inherent variability of skull base anatomy. Even \u201csafe\u201d anatomy can still contain features such as long and acutely angled lateral lamella, which may predispose patients to iatrogenic injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1716690","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]],"date-time":"2020-09-10T22:48:54Z","timestamp":1599778134000},"page":"053-058","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Radiological Anatomy of the Olfactory Fossa: Is Skull Base Anatomy Really Ever \u201cSafe\u201d?"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9345-4500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amr F.","family":"Hamour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Kus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Scheffler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allan","family":"Vescan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"809","article-title":"[On the practical value of differences in the level of the lamina cribrosa of the ethmoid]","volume":"41","author":"P Keros","year":"1962","journal-title":"Z Laryngol Rhinol Otol"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199310000-00020","article-title":"High-risk areas in endoscopic sinus surgery and prevention of complications","volume":"103","author":"T Ohnishi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215110001313","article-title":"Radiological observations on the olfactory fossa and ethmoid roof","volume":"124","author":"S Elwany","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1177\/194589240501900405","article-title":"Sagittal and coronal dimensions of the ethmoid roof: a radioanatomic study","volume":"19","author":"M A Zacharek","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-018-2165-3","article-title":"Anatomical variations of anterior ethmoidal artery and their significance in endoscopic sinus surgery: a systematic review","volume":"41","author":"B Abdullah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000005848","article-title":"Olfactory fossa and new angle measurements: lateral lamella-cribriform plate angle","volume":"30","author":"N Asal","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200105000-00027","article-title":"Surgical anatomy of the anterior ethmoidal canal in ethmoid roof","volume":"111","author":"H J Moon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2122","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200112000-00007","article-title":"Asymmetry of the ethmoid roof: analysis using coronal computed tomography","volume":"111","author":"R A Lebowitz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489.2010.506653","article-title":"Analysis of the fossa olfactoria using cone beam tomography (CBT)","volume":"131","author":"C G\u00fcldner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2273.2002.00540.x","article-title":"The radiological anatomy of the anterior skull base","volume":"27","author":"T M Jones","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2012.02.050","article-title":"Age-dependent differences of the anterior skull base","volume":"76","author":"C G\u00fcldner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0040-1716690.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,9]],"date-time":"2022-02-09T00:10:40Z","timestamp":1644365440000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0040-1716690"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"01","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0040-1716690","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2193-6331","2193-634X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2193-6331","type":"print"},{"value":"2193-634X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]]}}}