{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T01:20:49Z","timestamp":1788484849423,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Pediatr Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Perianal abscess (PA) and fistula-in-ano (FIA) are common entities in infancy. Although several hypotheses have been suggested, the pathogenesis of PA\/FIA remains elusive. The natural course of these diseases in infancy is self-limiting in the majority of cases whereas older children show similarities to PA\/FIA in adults. It is important to rule out rare differential diagnoses of PA\/FIA such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), surgical complications after colorectal surgery, and immunodeficiencies. Treatment remains empiric, comprises conservative, as well as surgical approaches, and is dependent on the age of the patient. This review summarizes anatomical aspects, current evidence on disease pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and management of pediatric patients with PA and FIA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1716726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T18:53:13Z","timestamp":1601319193000},"page":"386-390","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Perianal Abscesses and Fistulas in Infants and Children"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Jan-Hendrik","family":"Gosemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Lacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"03","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e548","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-3092","article-title":"Nonoperative management of perianal abscess in infants is associated with decreased risk for fistula formation","volume":"120","author":"E R Christison-Lagay","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-14989-9","volume-title":"Surgical Treatment of Colorectal Problems in Children","author":"A Pe\u00f1a","year":"2015"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2012.06.032","article-title":"Surgical treatment of perianal abscess and fistula-in-ano in childhood, with emphasis in children older than 2 years","volume":"47","author":"A Charalampopoulos","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1241878","article-title":"Management of perianal abscess and fistula-in-ano in children","volume":"20","author":"A Niyogi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref5","first-page":"1027","article-title":"[Perianal abscess and anal fistula in infancy and childhood. A congenital etiology?] (in German) Chirurg","volume":"77","author":"T Meyer","year":"2006"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3468(93)90163-F","article-title":"Anal fistula in infants: etiology, features, management","volume":"28","author":"D Poenaru","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(87)80327-5","article-title":"Abnormal crypts of Morgagni: the cause of perianal abscess and fistula-in-ano","volume":"22","author":"A D Shafer","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-004-0844-0","article-title":"Perianal abscess and fistula-in-ano in infants: a different entity?","volume":"48","author":"F Serour","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(85)80399-7","article-title":"Fistula-in-ano in childhood: a congenital etiology","volume":"20","author":"R J Fitzgerald","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-011-2956-7","article-title":"Perianal abscess and fistula-in-ano in children: clinical characteristic, management and outcome","volume":"27","author":"C E Af\u015farlar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Surg Int"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3468(94)90587-8","article-title":"Fistula-in-ano in infancy and childhood","volume":"29","author":"A H Al-Salem","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref13","first-page":"501","article-title":"The internal anal sphincter and the anorectal abscess","volume":"103","author":"S Eisenhammer","year":"1956","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1053\/jpsu.2000.6931","article-title":"The nonoperative management of fistula-in-ano","volume":"35","author":"N G Rosen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1007\/s003830050315","article-title":"Conservative management of fistula in ano in infants","volume":"13","author":"Y Watanabe","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatr Surg Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-010-2664-8","article-title":"Usefulness of bFGF spray in the treatment of perianal abscess and fistula-in-ano","volume":"26","author":"M Kubota","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Surg Int"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2004..x","article-title":"Management for fistula-in-ano with Ginseng and Tang-kuei Ten Combination","volume":"46","author":"T Ohya","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-016-1536-1","article-title":"A systematic review of the management of anal fistula in infants","volume":"20","author":"S H Emile","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tech Coloproctol"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1053\/jpsu.2001.26372","article-title":"Fistula-in-ano in infants: is nonoperative management effective?","volume":"36","author":"J T Oh","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-017-1563-z","article-title":"German S3 guidelines: anal abscess and fistula (second revised version)","volume":"402","author":"A Ommer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Langenbecks Arch Surg"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pediatric Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0040-1716726.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,7]],"date-time":"2020-10-07T18:37:07Z","timestamp":1602095827000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0040-1716726"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"05","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0040-1716726","relation":{},"ISSN":["0939-7248","1439-359X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0939-7248","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-359X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]]}}}