{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T19:27:02Z","timestamp":1793042822568,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003The aim of this study was to report the accuracy of pedicle screw placement using three-dimensional (3D)-printed, patient-specific drill guides in the lumbosacral region of dogs.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Study Design\u2003This was a retrospective study. Thirty-two pedicle screws were placed in five dogs. Medical records were reviewed between November 2015 and November 2018 for dogs showing clinical signs associated with cauda equina syndrome. Inclusion criteria included preoperative magnetic resonance imaging, pre- and postoperative computed tomography (CT) and dorsal stabilization, with pedicle screws placed using 3D-printed, patient-specific drill guides and polymethylmethacrylate. Screw placement was evaluated for medial or lateral breaching on postoperative CT.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003Five dogs met the inclusion criteria. Four had degenerative lumbosacral stenosis and one had discospondylitis. All dogs had failed medical management prior to surgery. Of 32 bicortical pedicle screws placed, 30 were fully contained inside the pedicle and 2 were partially breaching the vertebral canal (less than one-third of the screw diameter). Postoperative CT revealed good alignment of L7-S1 in all planes.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003This technique enabled an accurate and safe placement of pedicle screws in the lumbosacral region of dogs with lumbosacral disease. Three-dimensional, printed patient-specific drill guides are a safe and effective method of placing pedicle screws in dogs with lumbosacral disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1716840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]],"date-time":"2020-10-16T23:16:23Z","timestamp":1602890183000},"page":"053-058","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Accuracy of Placement of Pedicle Screws in the Lumbosacral Region of Dogs Using 3D-Printed Patient-Specific Drill Guides"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8003-1784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Toni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology and Neurosurgery Service, Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service Solihull, West Midlands, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2158-7133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bill","family":"Oxley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vet 3D, Coventry, West Midlands, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedic Department, Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service Solihull, West Midlands, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8650-6365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastien","family":"Behr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology and Neurosurgery Service, Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service Solihull, West Midlands, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"418","volume-title":"Cervical spine","author":"S R Platt","year":"2012","edition":"1st ed."},{"issue":"05","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13417","article-title":"Influence of a customized three-dimensionally printed drill guide on the accuracy of pedicle screw placement in lumbosacral vertebrae: an ex vivo study","volume":"49","author":"P Beer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2014.12117.x","article-title":"Transarticular fixation with cortical screws combined with dorsal laminectomy and partial discectomy as surgical treatment of degenerative lumbosacral stenosis in 17 dogs: clinical and computed tomography follow-up","volume":"43","author":"L Golini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2010.05.006","article-title":"Degenerative lumbosacral stenosis in dogs","volume":"40","author":"B P Meij","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"ref5","volume-title":"Practical Guide to Canine and Feline Neurology","author":"C W Dewey","year":"2016"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1639599","article-title":"Temporary segmental distraction in a dog with degenerative lumbosacral stenosis","volume":"31","author":"N Willems","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.245.4.408","article-title":"Clinical signs and outcome of dogs treated medically for degenerative lumbosacral stenosis: 98 cases (2004-2012)","volume":"245","author":"S De Decker","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT-09-12-0124","article-title":"Treatment of lumbosacral discospondylitis by surgical stabilisation and application of a gentamicin-impregnated collagen sponge","volume":"23","author":"A IC Renwick","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.21825\/vdt.v87i4.16067","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of lumbosacral vertebral instability caused by discospondylitis in a dog","volume":"87","author":"E Royaux","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vlaams Diergeneeskd Tijdschr"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.242.3.359","article-title":"Clinical features and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of diskospondylitis in dogs: 23 cases (1997-2010)","volume":"242","author":"J M Harris","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2000.00070.x","article-title":"Surgical treatment of lumbosacral instability caused by discospondylitis in four dogs","volume":"29","author":"J Auger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2014.04.018","article-title":"What progress has been made in the understanding and treatment of degenerative lumbosacral stenosis in dogs during the past 30 years?","volume":"201","author":"N D Jeffery","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.12742","article-title":"Kinematic behavior of a novel pedicle screw-rod fixation system for the canine lumbosacral joint","volume":"47","author":"C Zindl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.12623","article-title":"Short-term and long-term effects of a minimally invasive transilial vertebral blocking procedure on the lumbosacral morphometry in dogs measured by computed tomography","volume":"46","author":"F M\u00fcller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2012.01002.x","article-title":"Transarticular facet screw stabilization and dorsal laminectomy in 26 dogs with degenerative lumbosacral stenosis with instability","volume":"41","author":"E J Hankin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2672","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.894074","article-title":"Comparing accuracy of cervical pedicle screw placement between a guidance system and manual manipulation: a cadaver study","volume":"21","author":"Y Cong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"1","article-title":"A novel patient-specific drill guide template for stabilization of thoracolumbar vertebrae of dogs: cadaveric study and clinical cases","author":"T Fujioka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0216445","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216445","article-title":"Clinical application of 3D printing technology to the surgical treatment of atlantoaxial subluxation in small breed dogs","volume":"14","author":"H Kamishina","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2015.10.009","article-title":"Kyphosis and kyphoscoliosis associated with congenital malformations of the thoracic vertebral bodies in dogs","volume":"46","author":"C W Dewey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjtee.2015.09.009","article-title":"Clinical application of three-dimensional printing in the personalized treatment of complex spinal disorders","volume":"19","author":"Y T Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin J Traumatol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.12734","article-title":"Accuracy of a patient-specific 3D printed drill guide for placement of cervical transpedicular screws","volume":"47","author":"S E Hamilton-Bennett","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"1","article-title":"Accuracy of placement of pedicle screws in the thoracolumbar spine of dogs with spinal deformities with three-dimensionally printed patient-specific drill guides","author":"J H Elford","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3948","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.895597","article-title":"Clinical use of 3D printing guide plate in posterior lumbar pedicle screw fixation","volume":"21","author":"H Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.21037\/jss.2017.09.01","article-title":"Systematic review of 3D printing in spinal surgery: the current state of play","volume":"3","author":"B Wilcox","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Spine Surg"}],"container-title":["Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0040-1716840.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]],"date-time":"2021-01-13T23:32:23Z","timestamp":1610580743000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0040-1716840"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"01","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0040-1716840","relation":{},"ISSN":["0932-0814","2567-6911"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0932-0814","type":"print"},{"value":"2567-6911","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]]}}}