{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:23:33Z","timestamp":1787498613332,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]],"date-time":"2020-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n Introduction\u2003Increases in spontaneous activity in the neurons of the auditory cortex are presumed as the pathophysiology of tinnitus.<\/jats:p>\n Objective\u2003To investigate the effectiveness of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in the treatment of tinnitus.<\/jats:p>\n Methods\u2003A total of 62 patients between the ages of 22 and 74 with chronic subjective tinnitus were enrolled in the study. The inclusion criteria were normal findings on an otolaryngologic examination and normal ranges of complete blood count, routine biochemical parameter levels, thyroid function, air-bone gap on pure-tone audiometry, and middle-ear pressure and stapedial reflex on tympanometry. The patients were randomized into 2 groups: 40 patients were placed in the treatment for TMS (tTMS) group, and the rest (22 patients) were placed in the sham TMS group. The frequency and severity of the tinnitus, as well as the tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) score of each patient were measured before and one month after the treatment, and the values were statistically evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n Results\u2003We observed a statistically significant improvement in the tTMS group (p\u2009<\u20090.05 and p\u2009<\u20090.05 respectively) regarding the THI and tinnitus severity scores. The sham TMS group showed no significant improvement in terms of the THI (p\u2009>\u20090.05). However, the tinnitus severity showed a significant increase in this group (p\u2009<\u20090.05). The comparison of differences in the changes in the THI and the tinnitus severity scores showed a significant statistical improvement in the tTMS group compared with the sham TMS group (p\u2009<\u20090.05 and p\u2009<\u20090.05 respectively).<\/jats:p>\n Conclusion\u2003Transcranial magnetic stimulation was found to be effective in the treatment of tinnitus, and may be adopted as a treatment for tinnitus after further comprehensive studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1718530","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]],"date-time":"2020-11-30T19:33:07Z","timestamp":1606764787000},"page":"e453-e458","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Assessment of the Effectiveness of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Subjective Tinnitus"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8512-3306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mesut","family":"Ayd\u0131n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment of Otolaryngology, Kayseri City Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2441-9215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa","family":"Erkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8221-6862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramazan","family":"G\u00fcndo\u011fdu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment of Otolaryngology, Derince Training and Research Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1969-7760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alperen","family":"Vural","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1749-7095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kerem","family":"K\u00f6ko\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9576-1448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet \u0130lhan","family":"\u015eahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"01","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3109\/03005369309077884","article-title":"A neurophysiological approach to tinnitus: clinical implications","volume":"27","author":"P J Jastreboff","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Audiol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mao.0000178146.91139.3c","article-title":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation for tinnitus: influence of tinnitus duration on stimulation parameter choice and maximal tinnitus suppression","volume":"26","author":"D De Ridder","year":"2005","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0385-8146(03)00008-7","article-title":"Tinnitus loudness matchings in relation to annoyance and grading of severity","volume":"30","author":"G Andersson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2011.575178","article-title":"Tinnitus and depression","volume":"12","author":"B Langguth","year":"2011","journal-title":"World J Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1080\/14992020400050030","article-title":"Tinnitus impairs cognitive efficiency","volume":"43","author":"R S Hallam","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Audiol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(07)66021-X","article-title":"Tinnitus and insomnia","volume":"166","author":"T Cr\u00f6nlein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"3198","article-title":"Tinnitus and hyperacusis","volume":"165","author":"P Jastreboff","year":"1998","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck 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Dierks","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2004.09.134","article-title":"Long-term effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in patients with chronic tinnitus","volume":"132","author":"T Kleinjung","year":"2005","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2009.02730.x","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation improve tinnitus in normal hearing patients: a double-blind controlled, clinical and neuroimaging outcome study","volume":"17","author":"R A Marcondes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2006.12.007","article-title":"Which tinnitus patients benefit from transcranial magnetic stimulation?","volume":"137","author":"T 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double blind, placebo controlled study","volume":"78","author":"S Rossi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2007.11.035","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in veterans with debilitating tinnitus: a pilot study","volume":"138","author":"S L Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2814056","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2814056","article-title":"Factor analysis of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to the temporoparietal junction for tinnitus","volume":"2016","author":"H Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neural Plast"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref35","first-page":"CD007946","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for tinnitus","author":"Z Meng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst 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Otorhinolaryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0040-1718530.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]],"date-time":"2021-07-30T01:04:53Z","timestamp":1627607093000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0040-1718530"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"03","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0040-1718530","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1809-9777","1809-4864"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1809-9777","type":"print"},{"value":"1809-4864","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]]}}}