{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T06:46:00Z","timestamp":1790232360885,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008750","name":"Shanghai Hospital Development Center","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["SHDC12018118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHDC12018118"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008750","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"New Technologies of Endoscopic Surgery in Skull Base Tumor: CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","award":["12M-5-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12M-5-003"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017950","name":"Shanghai Municipal Health Commission","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["201940143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201940143"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol Surg B Skull Base"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003Temporalis muscle flap (TMF) is widely used in traditional skull base surgery, but its application in endoscopic skull base surgery remains rarely reported. We aimed to investigate the surgical anatomy and clinical application of TMF for reconstruction of skull base defects after expanded endoscopic nasopharyngectomy.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003Nine fresh cadaver heads (18 sides) were used for endoscopic dissection at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine in the United States. TMF was harvested using a traditional open approach and then transposed into the maxillary sinus and nasal cavity through the infratemporal fossa using an endoscopic transnasal transmaxillary approach. TMF length was then measured. Moreover, TMF was used for the reconstruction of skull base defects of six patients with recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma after expanded endoscopic nasopharyngectomy.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003The length of TMF harvested from the temporal line to the tip of the coronoid process of the mandible was 11.8\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9\u2009cm. The widest part of the flap was 9.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.4\u2009cm. When TMF was dislocated from the coronoid process of the mandible, approximately another 2\u2009cm of reach could be obtained. When the superficial layer of the temporalis muscle was split from the deep layer, the pedicle length could be extended 1.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2\u2009cm. TMF could cover skull base defects in the anterior skull base, sellar, and clivus regions.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003TMF can be used to reconstruct skull base defects after endoscopic expanded nasopharyngectomy and can effectively prevent the occurrence of serious complications in patients with recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1718764","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]],"date-time":"2021-05-11T23:07:19Z","timestamp":1620774439000},"page":"159-166","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Transinfratemporal Fossa Transposition of the Temporalis Muscle Flap for Skull Base Reconstruction after Endoscopic Expanded Nasopharyngectomy: Anatomical Study and Clinical Application"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Xicai","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongmeng","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weidong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yurong","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Houyong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keqing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaole","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dehui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan C. Fernandez","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl H.","family":"Snyderman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000234933.37779.e4","article-title":"A novel reconstructive technique after endoscopic expanded endonasal approaches: vascular pedicle nasoseptal flap","volume":"116","author":"G 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Weng","year":"2017","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.21928","article-title":"Use of a posterior pedicle nasal septum and floor mucoperiosteum flap to resurface the nasopharynx after endoscopic nasopharyngectomy for recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"34","author":"M Y Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21881","article-title":"Endoscopic nasopharyngectomy in recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a case series, literature review, and pooled analysis","volume":"7","author":"A C Vlantis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull 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