{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T09:28:19Z","timestamp":1781083699764,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuropediatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Background\u2003Little information on gross motor function of congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) children is available.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Objectives\u2003To evaluate gross motor function in CZS children aged up to 3 years, and its associated factors and changes in a minimum interval of 6 months.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003One hundred children with CZS and cerebral palsy (36 with confirmed and 64 with presumed CZS) were evaluated with the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-88\/GMFM-66). Forty-six were reevaluated. Wilcoxon tests, Wilcoxon tests for paired samples, percentile scores, and score changes were performed.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003Clinical and socioeconomic characteristics (except maternal age), GMFM scores and GMFCS classification of confirmed and probable cases, which were analyzed together, were similar. The mean age was 25.6 months (\u00b15.5); the median GMFM-88 score was 8.0 (5.4\u201310.8); and the median GMFM-66 score was 20.5 (14.8\u201323.1); 89% were classified as GMFCS level V. Low economic class, microcephaly at birth, epilepsy, and brain parenchymal volume loss were associated with low GMFM-66 scores. The median GMFM-66 percentile score was 40 (20\u201355). On the second assessment, the GMFM-66 scores in two GMFCS level I children and one GMFCS level IV child improved significantly. In one GMFCS level III child, one GMFCS level IV child, and the group of GMFCS level V children, no significant changes were observed.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusions\u2003Almost all CZS children had severe cerebral palsy; in the third year of life, most presented no improvement in gross motor function and were likely approaching their maximal gross motor function potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1718919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]],"date-time":"2020-10-28T03:02:06Z","timestamp":1603854126000},"page":"034-043","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Gross Motor Function in Children with Congenital Zika Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Eliana Harumi Morioka","family":"Takahasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sarah Network of Neurorehabilitation Hospitals, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, Maranh\u00e3o, Brazil"},{"name":"Public Health Department, Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, Maranh\u00e3o, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Teresa Seabra Soares de Britto","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Department, Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, Maranh\u00e3o, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariz\u00e9lia Rodrigues Costa","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Department, Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, Maranh\u00e3o, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9ria Ferreira Pereira","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reference Center on Neurodevelopment, Assistance and Rehabilitation of Children \u2013 NINAR, State Department of Health of the State of Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, Maranh\u00e3o, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanda Maria Ferreira","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Department, Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, Maranh\u00e3o, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcella Costa Ribeiro","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging Department, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gl\u00e1ucio Andrade","family":"Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sarah Network of Neurorehabilitation Hospitals, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, Maranh\u00e3o, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lillian Nunes","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology Human, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Khouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Gon\u00e7alo Moniz Institute, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"da Silva Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reference Center on Neurodevelopment, Assistance and Rehabilitation of Children \u2013 NINAR, State Department of Health of the State of Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, Maranh\u00e3o, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f4nio Augusto Moura da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Department, Federal 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