{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:59:08Z","timestamp":1790744348330,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Introduction\u2003The facial nerve is the most commonly paralyzed nerve in the human body, resulting in far-reaching functional, aesthetic and emotional concerns to the patient.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003Evaluation of the clinical outcome of 47 patients with traumatic facial nerve paralyses, with respect to clinical recovery and audiological sequelae.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003A descriptive longitudinal study was conducted over 24 months between January 2017 and December 2018 at a tertiary center with detailed clinical, topodiagnostic, audiometric and radiological evaluation and regular follow-up after discharge.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003Road traffic accidents constituted 82.98% of the trauma cases, out of which 76.60% were found to be under the influence of alcohol.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Delayed facial paralysis was observed in 76.60% cases. Temporal bone fracture was reported in 89.36%, with otic capsule (OC) sparing fractures forming 91.49% of the cases. Topologically, the injury was mostly at the suprachordal region around the second genu. The majority of the patients (65%) attained full recovery of facial nerve function with conservative medical management. Audiometrically, 77.27% of the patients had hearing loss at the time of presentation, of which 64.71% were conductive in nature; 51.22% attained normal hearing at follow-up visits.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003Early initiation of steroid therapy, concurrent eye care and physiotherapy are the cornerstones in the management of traumatic facial nerve paralysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1718962","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,20]],"date-time":"2021-02-20T12:55:12Z","timestamp":1613825712000},"page":"e010-e019","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Evaluation of Clinical Outcome in Traumatic Facial Nerve Paralysis"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7850-5805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhijit","family":"Shankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT, Government Medical College, Kottayam, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3309-8019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shibu","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT, Government Medical College, Kottayam, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satheesh","family":"Somaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT, Government Medical College, Kottayam, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"1027","volume-title":"The Management of Paralysed Face","author":"P Addison","year":"2015","edition":"(Fifth edn."},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"2410","volume-title":"Middle Ear and Temporal Bone Trauma","author":"R C Diaz","year":"2014"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(20)31176-2","article-title":"Management of traumatic injuries to the facial nerve","volume":"24","author":"N J Coker","year":"1991","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref4","first-page":"188","article-title":"Management of complications from 820 temporal bone fractures","volume":"18","author":"H A Brodie","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1254383","article-title":"Management of temporal bone trauma","volume":"3","author":"A Patel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2004.09.114","article-title":"Acute extratemporal facial nerve paralysis after a suicide attempt by hanging","volume":"133","author":"O Ozt\u00fcrk","year":"2005","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref7","first-page":"203","article-title":"Management of acute extratemporal facial nerve palsy","volume":"11","author":"K K Lee","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref8","first-page":"e26892","article-title":"Bilateral Facial Paralysis Caused by Temporal Bone Fracture: A Case Report","volume":"5","author":"S Ghiasi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Trauma Res"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100088575","article-title":"Management of intratemporal facial nerve injuries","volume":"94","author":"U Fisch","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"915","volume-title":"Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics","author":"A Field","year":"2014","edition":"(Fourth edn.)"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"579","article-title":"Evaluation and Treatment Option of Post Traumatic Facial Nerve Palsy","volume":"4","author":"H Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Basic Appl Med Res"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"112","author":"Government of India Road accidents in India - 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