{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:37:00Z","timestamp":1774917420197,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Wrist Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Background\u2003An important surgical landmark in the distal radius is the watershed line. The watershed line is a landmark for the positioning of volar locking plates (VLP) in the distal radius. Inconsistencies remain in the literature as to the presence and dimensions of landmarks in this compact area. We studied the detailed anatomy and dimensions of the distal radius with reference to bony anatomy around the watershed line, with special attention to the area between the pronator quadratus (PQ) and radial styloid.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Materials and Methods\u2003The distal radius regions of 31 cadavers (23 right sided and 8 left sided) were dissected and studied. The heights at the junction of the scaphoid and lunate fossa, at the radial styloid, at the midpoint in between, and the widths of the PQ line, scaphoid, and lunate fossa were measured. The angle subtended by the pronator fossa and the radial styloid was also recorded.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003The mean heights at the junction of the scaphoid and lunate fossa, radial styloid, and midpoint in between were 5.1, 15.7, and 8.2\u2009mm, respectively. The widths of the PQ line, scaphoid, and lunate fossa were 27, 19.4, and 10.6\u2009mm, respectively. The mean angulation between the pronator fossa and the radial styloid was 128.9 degrees.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003The area between the PQ and watershed line comprises a narrow area of bone which tapers to a point at its medial extent largely below the lunate fossa, thus it can hardly contain any implant proximal to the lunate fossa. The anterior orientation of this area and the concave anatomy of the articular surface mean careful screw direction is imperative to avoid inadvertent joint penetration. An angulation exists between the pronator fossa and the radial styloid, below the scaphoid fossa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1719031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]],"date-time":"2020-11-04T23:40:45Z","timestamp":1604533245000},"page":"276-279","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Bony Anatomy around the Watershed Line of the Distal Radius"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3841-9651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenny","family":"Tay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SingHealth-Duke NUS Musculoskeletal Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamid Rahmatullah","family":"Bin Abd Razak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andy Khye Soon","family":"Yew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joyce Suang Bee","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SingHealth-Duke NUS Musculoskeletal Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tet S.","family":"Howe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SingHealth-Duke NUS Musculoskeletal Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"08","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.05.011","article-title":"An anatomical study of the watershed line on the volar, distal aspect of the radius: implications for plate placement and avoidance of tendon ruptures","volume":"37","author":"J Imatani","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1051\/sicotj\/2015012","article-title":"Distal radius anatomy applied to the treatment of wrist fractures by plate: a review of recent literature","volume":"1","author":"L Obert","year":"2015","journal-title":"SICOT J"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193412453436","article-title":"How placement affects force and contact pressure between a volar plate of the distal radius and the flexor pollicus longus tendon: a biomechanical investigation","volume":"38","author":"A M Matityahu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2011.08.027","article-title":"Effect of distal radius volar plate position on contact pressure between the flexor pollicis longus tendon and the distal plate edge","volume":"36","author":"Y Tanaka","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.78B4.0780588","article-title":"Fractures of the distal end of the radius treated by internal fixation and early function. A preliminary report of 20 cases","volume":"78","author":"D A Rikli","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"445","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000205891.96575.0f","article-title":"Current concepts in volar fixed-angle fixation of unstable distal radius fractures","volume":"445","author":"J L Orbay","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-010-0754-x","article-title":"Anatomical and radiological study applied to distal radius surgery","volume":"33","author":"N Gasse","year":"2011","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.4055\/cios.2018.10.4.462","article-title":"Morphometric variations in the volar aspect of the distal radius","volume":"10","author":"B C Kwon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2016.07.108","article-title":"Anatomic variation in volar tilt of the scaphoid and lunate facet of the distal radius","volume":"41","author":"L Daniele","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1603995","article-title":"Volar distal radius anatomy applied to the treatment of distal radius fracture","volume":"6","author":"J Imatani","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Wrist Surg"}],"container-title":["Journal of Wrist Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0040-1719031.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]],"date-time":"2021-08-02T22:33:18Z","timestamp":1627943598000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0040-1719031"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0040-1719031","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2163-3916","2163-3924"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2163-3916","type":"print"},{"value":"2163-3924","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]]}}}