{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T14:53:22Z","timestamp":1787928802671,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Wrist Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Background\u2003There has been clinical question in the treatment of ulnar styloid fracture with distal radius fracture, surgical fixation of the styloid fragment, or ignorance of the fragment. We examined relationship between size of the ulnar styloid fracture and distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) stability biomechanically to answer the above clinical question.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003Changes in the dorsopalmar stiffness of the DRUJ after experimentally simulating in four types of ulnar styloid fractures were examined in cadavers. After tip, middle, base-horizontal, and base-oblique type of styloid fractures were made sequentially, changes in dorsopalmar DRUJ stiffness were measured using the MTS machine in the intact wrist, for each fracture, at 60 degrees pronation, neutral, and 60 degrees supination, respectively. Additional cutting of the radioulnar ligament (RUL) at the fovea was also simulated with the base-horizontal fracture.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003The tip and middle type fractures did not demonstrate significant loss of stiffness compared with the intact. The base-horizontal fracture demonstrated only significant loss of stiffness in the dorsal direction (radius palmar; ulnar dorsal) with forearm in neutral rotation. The base-oblique fracture demonstrated significant loss of dorsopalmar stiffness of the DRUJ. Additional section of the RUL with the base-horizontal fracture induced significant loss of stiffness of the DRUJ compared with the intact.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusions\u2003Because the RUL originates from the fovea as well as from the base of the ulnar styloid, these results suggest that DRUJ instability closely correlates with how much of the bony fragment includes the originating portions of the RUL. The findings further suggest that larger base-oblique and base-horizontal fragments with resultant DRUJ instability must be reattached, but that even base-horizontal fragment as well as tip and middle ulnar styloid fragment can be ignored when there is no instability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1719041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]],"date-time":"2020-11-04T23:40:45Z","timestamp":1604533245000},"page":"111-115","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Relationship between Fracture of the Ulnar Styloid Process and DRUJ Instability: A Biomechanical Study"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Toshiyasu","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hand Center of Western New York, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Owen J.","family":"Moy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hand Center of Western New York, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clayton A.","family":"Peimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hand Center of Western New York, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Marquette General Hospital, Marquette, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"03","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(81)80081-0","article-title":"Irreducible distal radioulnar joint occurring in a Galeazzi fracture - case report","volume":"6","author":"A H Alexander","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"228","key":"ref2","first-page":"215","article-title":"Hypertrophic ulnar styloid nonunions","author":"R C Burgess","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(77)90053-5","article-title":"An unusual cause of blocked reduction of the Galeazzi injury","volume":"9","author":"N E Cetti","year":"1977","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(96)80355-8","article-title":"Classification and treatment of ulnar styloid nonunion","volume":"21","author":"R M Hauck","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-198903010-00015","article-title":"Complex volar distal radioulnar joint dislocation occurring in a Galeazzi fracture","volume":"3","author":"C E Giangarra","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(81)80170-0","article-title":"The triangular fibrocartilage complex of the wrist--anatomy and function","volume":"6","author":"A K Palmer","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.42B3.515","article-title":"Anterior dislocation of the ulna at the inferior radio-ulnar joint. 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