{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T12:01:31Z","timestamp":1784116891489,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"01","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]],"date-time":"2020-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Introduction\u2003The number of positive cases and deaths from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still increasing. The early detection of the disease is very important. Olfactory dysfunction has been reported as the main symptom in part of the patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003To analyze the potential usefulness of anosmia or hyposmia in the detection of the COVID-19 infection.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Data Synthesis\u2003We systematically searched the PubMed Central database using specific keywords related to our aims until July 31st, 2020. All articles published on COVID-19 and anosmia or hyposmia were retrieved. A statistical analysis was performed using the Review Manager (RevMan, Cochrane, London, UK) software, version 5.4. A total of 10 studies involving 21,638 patients were included in the present analysis. The meta-analysis showed that anosmia or hyposmia is significantly associated with positive COVID-19 infections (risk ratio [RR]: 4.56; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 3.32\u20136.24; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.00001; I2\u2009=\u200978%, random-effects modeling).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003The presence of anosmia or hyposmia is a good predictor of positive COVID-19 infections. Patients with onset of anosmia or hyposmia should take the test or undergo screening for the possibility of COVID-19 infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1719120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,27]],"date-time":"2020-11-27T00:24:05Z","timestamp":1606436645000},"page":"e170-e174","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Anosmia\/Hyposmia is a Good Predictor of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection: A Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1748-9776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timotius Ivan","family":"Hariyanto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Karawaci, Tangerang, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niken Ageng","family":"Rizki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Karawaci, Tangerang, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5219-9029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andree","family":"Kurniawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Karawaci, Tangerang, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.07.029","article-title":"Comorbidities and the risk of severe or fatal outcomes associated with coronavirus disease 2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"99","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.07.054","article-title":"Dyslipidemia is associated with severe 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