{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T04:40:53Z","timestamp":1793421653216,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"American Academy of Audiology","issue":"1","funder":[{"name":"Starkey Hearing Technologies, the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","award":["R01DC015997"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DC015997"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009157","name":"National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NIDILRR 90REGE0013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIDILRR 90REGE0013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009157","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation","award":["SCH 1838830"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCH 1838830"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["j am acad audiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:bold> Background<\/jats:bold>\u2003Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) often requires respondents to complete surveys in the moment to report real-time experiences. Because EMA may seem disruptive or intrusive, respondents may not complete surveys as directed in certain circumstances.\n Purpose<\/jats:bold>\u2003This article aims to determine the effect of environmental characteristics on the likelihood of instances where respondents do not complete EMA surveys (referred to as survey incompletion), and to estimate the impact of survey incompletion on EMA self-report data. Research\n Design<\/jats:bold>\u2003An observational study. Study Sample<\/jats:bold>\u2003Ten adults hearing aid (HA) users. Data Collection and Analysis<\/jats:bold>\u2003Experienced, bilateral HA users were recruited and fit with study HAs. The study HAs were equipped with real-time data loggers, an algorithm\n that logged the data generated by HAs (e.g., overall sound level, environment classification, and feature status including microphone mode and amount of gain reduction). The study HAs were also connected via Bluetooth to a smartphone app, which collected the real-time data logging data as\n well as presented the participants with EMA surveys about their listening environments and experiences. The participants were sent out to wear the HAs and complete surveys for 1 week. Real-time data logging was triggered when participants completed surveys and when participants ignored or\n snoozed surveys. Data logging data were used to estimate the effect of environmental characteristics on the likelihood of survey incompletion, and to predict participants' responses to survey questions in the instances of survey incompletion. Results<\/jats:bold>\u2003Across the 10 participants,\n 715 surveys were completed and survey incompletion occurred 228 times. Mixed effects logistic regression models indicated that survey incompletion was more likely to happen in the environments that were less quiet and contained more speech, noise, and machine sounds, and in the environments\n wherein directional microphones and noise reduction algorithms were enabled. The results of survey response prediction further indicated that the participants could have reported more challenging environments and more listening difficulty in the instances of survey incompletion. However, the\n difference in the distribution of survey responses between the observed responses and the combined observed and predicted responses was small. Conclusion<\/jats:bold>\u2003The present study indicates that EMA survey incompletion occurs systematically. Although survey incompletion could bias\n EMA self-report data, the impact is likely to be small.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1719135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]],"date-time":"2020-12-15T23:56:53Z","timestamp":1608076613000},"page":"16-26","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Why Ecological Momentary Assessment Surveys Go Incomplete: When It Happens and How It Impacts Data"],"prefix":"10.3766","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Yu-Hsiang","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Starkey Hearing Technologies, Eden Prairie, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Stangl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shareka","family":"Pentony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Starkey Hearing Technologies, Eden Prairie, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhruv","family":"Vyas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Octav","family":"Chipara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Gudjonsdottir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Oleson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Galster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Starkey Hearing Technologies, Eden Prairie, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2087","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091415","article-title":"Ecological momentary assessment","volume":"4","author":"S Shiffman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1044\/2017_AJA-16-0126","article-title":"Ecological momentary assessment: feasibility, construct validity, and future applications","volume":"26","author":"B HB Timmer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Audiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.3766\/jaaa.15034","article-title":"Construct validity of the ecological momentary assessment in audiology research","volume":"26","author":"Y H Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Acad Audiol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3766\/jaaa.14.1.6","article-title":"Case-study analysis of various field study measures","volume":"14","author":"J E Preminger","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Acad Audiol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.3766\/jaaa.15.5.4","article-title":"Predicting hearing aid microphone preference in everyday listening","volume":"15","author":"B E Walden","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Acad Audiol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e3181bc769b","article-title":"Impact of visual cues on directional benefit and preference: part II--field tests","volume":"31","author":"Y H Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.3766\/jaaa.23.9.4","article-title":"Do older adults have social lifestyles that place fewer demands on hearing?","volume":"23","author":"Y H Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Acad Audiol"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1080\/14992020802033091","article-title":"Digital noise reduction: outcomes from laboratory and field studies","volume":"47","author":"R Bentler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Audiol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e3182498c41","article-title":"Feasibility of ecological momentary assessment of hearing difficulties encountered by hearing aid users","volume":"33","author":"G Galvez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"2331216518783608","article-title":"Do hearing aids address real-world hearing difficulties for adults with mild hearing impairment? Results from a pilot study using ecological momentary assessment","volume":"22","author":"B HB Timmer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Hear"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000672","article-title":"Efficacy and effectiveness of advanced hearing aid directional and noise reduction technologies for older adults with mild to moderate hearing loss","volume":"40","author":"Y H Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e31822f6740","article-title":"Pilot study to evaluate ecological momentary assessment of tinnitus","volume":"33","author":"J A Henry","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"27","volume-title":"Designing protocols for ecological momentary assessment","author":"S Shiffman","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"101","volume-title":"Pre-fitting tests using frequency-specific measures","author":"T A Ricketts","year":"2018"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1044\/2018_AJA-18-0061","article-title":"The acoustic environments in which older adults wear their hearing aids: insights from datalogging sound environment classification","volume":"27","author":"L E Humes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Audiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Audiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/aaa\/jaaa\/2021\/00000032\/00000001\/art00004","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T08:12:07Z","timestamp":1738829527000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/10.1055\/s-0040-1719135"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]}},"alternative-id":["1050-0545(20210101)32:1L.16;1-"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0040-1719135","relation":{},"ISSN":["1050-0545"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1050-0545","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]}}}