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The intestinal microbiota is involved in the development and progression of both ALD and NAFLD. Here we describe associated changes in the intestinal microbiota, and we detail randomized clinical trials in ALD and NAFLD which evaluate treatments modulating the intestinal microbiome including fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and antibiotics. Finally, we discuss precision medicine approaches targeting the intestinal microbiome to ameliorate ALD and NAFLD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1719174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]],"date-time":"2021-01-14T23:55:50Z","timestamp":1610668550000},"page":"087-102","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["New Developments in Microbiome in Alcohol-Associated and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Phillipp","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Schnabl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"01","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.03.007","article-title":"Global burden of alcoholic liver diseases","volume":"59","author":"J Rehm","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.01.052","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 2020: the state of the disease","volume":"158","author":"T G Cotter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.11.045","article-title":"Alcoholic liver disease replaces hepatitis c virus infection as the leading indication for liver transplantation in the United States","volume":"16","author":"G Cholankeril","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2018.6536","article-title":"National trends and long-term outcomes of liver transplant for alcohol-associated liver disease in the United States","volume":"179","author":"B P Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.01.013","article-title":"Are we really vastly outnumbered? 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