{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T21:34:43Z","timestamp":1771364083523,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","funder":[{"name":"This study was supported by an unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindness"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol Surg B Skull Base"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003Orbital roof fractures are more likely to occur in younger children, specifically younger than 7 years. Cranium to face ratio decreases with age; however, there is no definition for measurement of the neurocranium or face. We propose using the length of the orbital roof as a measurement of the neurocranium and length of the orbital floor as a tool to estimate midface size. The purpose of this study is to test this measurement as a correlation rate of orbital roof fractures within the pediatric population.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Design\u2003This is a retrospective study.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Setting\u2003This study was done at the LeBonheur Children's Hospital.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Participants\u2003Sixty-six patients with orbital roof fractures were identified and stratified by gender and age, specifically younger than 7 years and 7 years or older.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Main Outcome Measures\u2003The main outcome measures were orbital roof length, floor length, and ratio thereof.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003Mean orbital roof length was 43.4\u2009\u00b1\u20093.06 and 45.1\u2009\u00b1\u20093.94\u2009mm for patients &lt;7 and \u22657 years, respectively (p\u2009=\u20090.02). Mean orbital floor length was 41.3\u2009\u00b1\u20092.99 and 47.7\u2009\u00b1\u20094.19 for patients &lt;7 and \u22657 years, respectively (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.00001). The mean roof to floor ratio (RTFR) for patients &lt;7 years was 1.051\u2009\u00b1\u20090.039 and for patients\u2009\u2265\u20097 years was 0.947\u2009\u00b1\u20090.031 (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.00001).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003As children age, the relative length of the orbital roof decreases when compared with the orbital floor. The RTFR was more than 1.0 in children younger than 7 years. These differences were statistically significant when compared with children 7 years and older. This measurement shift follows the differences noted in orbital fracture patterns during childhood.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1721821","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]],"date-time":"2020-12-15T00:02:43Z","timestamp":1607990563000},"page":"281-284","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Pediatric Orbital Roof Fractures: A Ratio of Orbital Dimensions Correlated to Prevalence of Fracture"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8952-8199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen C.","family":"Dryden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew G.","family":"Meador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew B.","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrianna E.","family":"Eder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James C.","family":"Fleming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Veterans Administration Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Fowler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"05","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2008.06.333","article-title":"Patterns and outcomes of pediatric facial fractures in the United States: a survey of the National Trauma Data Bank","volume":"207","author":"S D Imahara","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s12873-016-0071-8","article-title":"Emergency department visits for head trauma in the United States","volume":"16","author":"C E Gaw","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC 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