{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T02:07:34Z","timestamp":1793066854711,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]],"date-time":"2020-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Indian J Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Injectable filler treatments have increased in popularity because of enhanced safety profile and improved physical characteristics. ISAPS (International Society of Plastic Surgery) put out global data showing 3.7 million hyaluronic acid (HA) filler procedures in 2018, making it the second most often performed procedure in the world, after botulinum toxin.  And these are only \u2018those\u2019 performed by qualified plastic surgeons. There was a concomitant increase in both the nonvascular and vascular complications, which coincided with the number and type of filler procedures performed. Filler complications were reviewed from existing literature, and an attempt was made to understand etiology, elucidate clinical features, and clarify optimum treatment strategies for each. Complications can be early or delayed in presentation, early consisting of injection site complications like bruising, edema, and hypersensitivity, Tyndall effect, and intravascular injection. Delayed complications included hypersensitivity type IV, acute infections like cellulitis, abscesses, and herpes and delayed ones like granulomas, biofilms, and atypical mycobacterial infections. These were analyzed and treatment options, protocols, and consensus guidelines were suggested. A clear understanding of facial anatomy, physical characteristics of all fillers used, early recognition, and treatment options of complications will ensure optimum outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1721872","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]],"date-time":"2020-12-24T19:01:48Z","timestamp":1608836508000},"page":"335-343","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Nonvascular Complications of Injectable Fillers\u2014Prevention and Management"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Kuldeep","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aesthetic, Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahin","family":"Nooreyezdan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aesthetic, Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"02","key":"ref3","first-page":"E20","article-title":"Learning curves: historical trends of FDA-reported adverse events for dermal fillers","volume":"102","author":"A A Chandawarkar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"ref6","volume-title":"Part One","author":"(NHS) Health Education England","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref7","volume-title":"Part two","author":"(NHS) Health Education England","year":"2015"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.09.013","article-title":"Hyaluronan in skin: aspects of aging and its pharmacologic modulation","volume":"26","author":"R Stern","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-800269-8.00009-9","article-title":"Beneficial effects of hyaluronic acid","volume":"72","author":"P N Sudha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv Food Nutr Res"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1080\/14764170701774901","article-title":"The science of hyaluronic acid dermal fillers","volume":"10","author":"A Tezel","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cosmet Laser Ther"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-016-0201-5","article-title":"Hyaluronidase: from clinical applications to molecular and cellular mechanisms","volume":"21","author":"B A Buhren","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1177\/1090820X10366549","article-title":"Calcium hydroxylapatite (Radiesse) for treatment of nasolabial folds: long-term safety and efficacy results","volume":"30","author":"L S Bass","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2010.01375.x","article-title":"Facial volume restoration of the aging face with poly-l-lactic acid","volume":"24","author":"R Fitzgerald","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2013.798","article-title":"Complications associated with injectable soft-tissue fillers: a 5-year retrospective review","volume":"15","author":"S M Daines","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Facial Plast Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sder.2006.12.008","article-title":"Adverse effects when injecting facial fillers","volume":"26","author":"H B Gladstone","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin Cutan Med Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref17","first-page":"E53","article-title":"Management of a vascular occlusion associated with cosmetic injections","volume":"13","author":"M King","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref18","first-page":"70","article-title":"Use of blunt tipped cannulas for soft tissue fillers","volume":"11","author":"J A Zeichner","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.120465","article-title":"The effects of topical vitamin K on bruising after laser treatment","volume":"47","author":"N S Shah","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1995.tb00252.x","article-title":"Soft tissue augmentation. 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