{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T17:24:44Z","timestamp":1770225884278,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuropediatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Background\u2003Multiple lower cranial nerve palsies have been attributed to occipital condyle fractures in older children and adults, but no clinical details of other possible mechanisms have been described in infants.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Case Report\u2003A 33-month-old boy suffered blunt head trauma. A bilateral skull base fracture was diagnosed, with favorable outcome during the first days after trauma. On the sixth day, the patient began to refuse drinking and developed hoarseness. Physical examination and additional investigations revealed paralysis of left VII, IX, X, and XI cranial nerves. A follow-up computed tomography (CT) scan disclosed a left petrous bone fracture involving the lateral margin of the jugular foramen, and a cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study showed a left cerebellar tonsil contusion. He improved after methylprednisolone was started. Three months later, he was asymptomatic, although mild weakness and atrophy of the left sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles remained 1 year later.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Discussion\u2003A posttraumatic \u201cjugular foramen syndrome\u201d is rare in children, but it has been reported shortly after occipital condyle fracture, affecting mainly IX, X, and XI cranial nerves. In this toddler, delayed symptoms appeared with unilateral involvement. While an occipital fracture was ruled out, neuroimaging findings suggest the hypothesis of a focal contusion as a consequence of a coup-contrecoup injury.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusion\u2003This exceptional case highlights the importance of gathering physical examination, anatomical correlation, and neuroimaging to yield a diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1722684","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,29]],"date-time":"2021-01-29T06:26:46Z","timestamp":1611901606000},"page":"403-405","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Posttraumatic Delayed Jugular Foramen Syndrome in a Toddler"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Cristina","family":"Toledo-Gotor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, San Pedro Hospital, Logro\u00f1o, Spain"},{"name":"Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Health Service Hospital, Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nerea","family":"Gorr\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Health Service Hospital, Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miren","family":"Oscoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Health Service Hospital, Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katia","family":"Llano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Acquired Brain Injury Unit, Navarra Health Service Hospital, Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-de la Fuente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Imaging Diagnostic Unit, Navarra Health Service Hospital, Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Aguilera-Albesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Navarra Health Service Hospital, Pamplona, Spain"},{"name":"NavarraBioMed Research Group, Navarra Health Service, Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"04","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2016.04.058","article-title":"Clinical presentations and outcomes of children with basilar skull fractures after blunt head trauma","volume":"68","author":"M G Tunik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pec.0000169435.36938.6d","article-title":"Fracture of skull base with delayed multiple cranial nerve palsies","volume":"21","author":"A Yildirim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-009-1070-9","article-title":"Isolated paralysis of glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve associated with type II occipital condyle fracture: case report","volume":"26","author":"G Bozkurt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-8237.193268","article-title":"Complete morphometric analysis of jugular foramen and its clinical implications","volume":"7","author":"S S Das","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Craniovertebr Junction Spine"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199806000-00008","article-title":"Pediatric temporal bone fractures","volume":"108","author":"D Lee","year":"1998","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"}],"container-title":["Neuropediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0040-1722684.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T14:38:33Z","timestamp":1697726313000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0040-1722684"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]]},"references-count":5,"journal-issue":{"issue":"05","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0040-1722684","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0174-304X","1439-1899"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0174-304X","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-1899","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]]}}}