{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T19:30:42Z","timestamp":1780342242487,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Facial Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The demand for noninvasive facial rejuvenation continues to increase as younger, well-informed patients enter the aesthetic market. We refer to a subset of these patients as \u201ctweeners,\u201d those who present with early signs of neck and facial aging, but who have not yet developed changes significant enough to warrant a traditional excisional surgery approach. Many of these patients are in search of a minimally invasive intervention, a bridge in between observation and surgery. The authors describe their experience with radiofrequency (RF) technology as an in-office tool to address the aging face in a select patient population. This review also attempts to comprehensively search the existing body of literature to describe the RF technologies and devices available for facial rejuvenation. The efficacy and safety profiles of the devices are discussed, and the devices are categorized by their method of RF delivery\u2014over (contact), through (microneedle), and under (percutaneous) the skin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1722890","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,29]],"date-time":"2021-01-29T06:39:37Z","timestamp":1611902377000},"page":"240-248","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Radiofrequency Rejuvenation of the \u201cTweener\u201d Patient: Under, Over, or Through the Skin"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1334-8404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Kam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Facial Plastic Surgery, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3239-2868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariel","family":"Frost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason D.","family":"Bloom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Facial Plastic Surgery, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Bloom Facial Plastic Surgery, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"03","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2019.03.003","article-title":"Percutaneous radiofrequency technologies for 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Ther"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref41","first-page":"141","article-title":"Non-excisional face and neck tightening using a novel subdermal radiofrequency thermo-coaugulative device","volume":"1","author":"D H Ahn","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol Sci Appl"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref42","first-page":"28","article-title":"Multisource, phase-controlled radiofrequency for treatment of skin laxity: correlation between clinical and in-vivo confocal microscopy results and real-time thermal changes","volume":"4","author":"J Royo de la Torre","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref43","first-page":"15","article-title":"Combining microneedle fractional radiofrequency and LED photoactivation","volume":"2","author":"G Calderhead","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prime"}],"container-title":["Facial Plastic 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