{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T06:31:09Z","timestamp":1773383469533,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Facial Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is part of the class of necrotizing soft tissue infections characterized by rapid fascial spread and necrosis of the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and superficial fascia. If left untreated, NF can rapidly deteriorate into multiorgan shock and systemic failure. NF most commonly infects the trunk and lower extremities, although it can sometimes present in the head and neck region. This review provides an overview of NF as it relates specifically to the head and neck region, including its associated clinical features and options for treatment. Noma, a related but relatively unknown disease, is then described along with its relationship with severe poverty.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1722894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,31]],"date-time":"2021-01-31T23:34:37Z","timestamp":1612136077000},"page":"439-445","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Noma and Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Face and Neck"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Lauren E.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Shaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Doctors without Borders, Noma Project, Sokoto, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"01","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(97)00160-5","article-title":"Population-based surveillance for group A streptococcal necrotiziug fasciitis: Clinical features, prognostic indicators, and microbiologic analysis of seventy-seven cases","volume":"103","author":"R Kaul","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2013.0259","article-title":"Noma and cervicofacial necrotizing fasciitis: clinicopathological differentiation and an illustrative case report of noma","volume":"30","author":"C van 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