{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T19:02:10Z","timestamp":1772910130528,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Academy of Audiology","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["j am acad audiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Abstract<\/jats:bold>  <jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>\u2003During audiologic evaluations, an examination of interaural asymmetry is commonly evaluated. To date, however, interaural differences for tympanometric indices have not been reported for adults. Without documented tympanometric right-left\n differences, one cannot determine if asymmetries are normal or are indicative of significant clinical asymmetries. <jats:bold>Purpose<\/jats:bold>\u2003The purpose of this study was to investigate interaural asymmetries in peak compensated static acoustic admittance (Y<jats:sub>tm<\/jats:sub>), equivalent ear canal\n volume (V<jats:sub>ea<\/jats:sub>), tympanometric peak pressure (TPP), and tympanometric width (TW) in normal adults. <jats:bold>Research Design<\/jats:bold>\u2003Descriptive, correlational, and inferential measures designs were employed. <jats:bold>Study Sample<\/jats:bold>\u2003Participants were 188 otologically normal Caucasian\n young adults (i.e., 77 females and 111 males; M\u2009=\u200923.0 years, standard deviation [SD]\u2009=\u20092.7, range\u2009=\u200918\u201030 years). <jats:bold>Data Collection and Analyses<\/jats:bold>\u2003Y<jats:sub>tm<\/jats:sub>, V<jats:sub>ea<\/jats:sub>, TPP, and TW measures were obtained bilaterally from\n an admittance tympanogram using a 226\u2009Hz probe tone. Separate two-factor mixed measures analysis of variance examined the effect of ear and sex for each tympanometric index. Correlation analyses examined the association between right and left ear indices. Interaural differences in tympanometric\n indices were examined with independent <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>-tests. Critical differences, for deciding if two tympanometric indices are different between ears, were computed from the standard deviations of the right\u2010left ear difference for statistical confidence levels of 85, 90, 95, and 99%.\n <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2003The effect of ear was not statistically significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05) on any tympanometric index. Females had significantly lower Y<jats:sub>tm<\/jats:sub> and smaller V<jats:sub>ea<\/jats:sub> measures than males (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Correlations between all\n right and left tympanometric indices were positive and statistically significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). There were no statistically significant differences in interaural differences for any of the tympanometric indices as a function of sex (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Critical\n differences, for confidence levels for 85% to 99% confidence ranged from\u2009\u00b1\u20090.20\u20100.36\u2009mmhos for Y<jats:sub>tm<\/jats:sub>,\u2009\u00b1\u20090.23\u20100.41\u2009cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> for V<jats:sub>ea<\/jats:sub>,\u2009\u00b1\u200911.1\u201019.8 daPa for TPP, and\u2009\u00b1\u200927.2\u201048.7\n daPa for TW. <jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>\u2003A clinician can use these critical differences to determine if tympanometric index interaural differences in ears of young normal Caucasian adults are statistically significant.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1722946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]],"date-time":"2021-05-25T23:04:56Z","timestamp":1621983896000},"page":"229-234","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["An Examination of Asymmetry in Adult Tympanometric Measures"],"prefix":"10.3766","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"Stuart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma K.","family":"Tomaszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baylee M.","family":"Engelhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2087","reference":[{"issue":"04","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e31816c7c09","article-title":"Asymmetric hearing loss: definition, validation, and prevalence","volume":"29","author":"R H Margolis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.3766\/jaaa.23.3.6","article-title":"Dichotic listening performance in young adults using low-pass filtered speech","volume":"23","author":"J S Martin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Acad Audiol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref3","first-page":"389","article-title":"Wave V interaural latency differences as a function of asymmetry in 2,000\u20134,000\u2009Hz hearing sensitivity","volume":"10","author":"C D Bauch","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001213","article-title":"Serial cVEMP testing is sensitive to disease progression in Meniere patients","volume":"37","author":"M J van Tilburg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1972.00770090791004","article-title":"Studies in impedance audiometry. 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