{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T06:39:57Z","timestamp":1767854397839,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","issue":"01","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]],"date-time":"2021-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":79,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Lab Physicians"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can have profound impact on the function of the pituitary gland. We have performed an electronic literature search using the following database: PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar. These databases were searched using the keywords HIV, pituitary glands, cancer, pituitary apoplexy, and infertility. HIV can cause hypopituitarism and also can lead to diabetes insipidus. The impact can be slow and insidious, and diagnosis depends on high index of clinical suspicion. The effect on anterior pituitary gland can be associated with growth hormone deficiency, hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, premature menopause, erectile dysfunction, and infertility. HIV can cause pituitary apoplexy, and this should be treated as an endocrine emergency. Importantly, HIV can be associated with pituitary lymphoma and pituitary cancer. Therefore, joined management between HIV physicians, clinical biochemists and endocrinologists may help in establishing pituitary dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1723055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]],"date-time":"2021-05-19T22:55:35Z","timestamp":1621464935000},"page":"084-090","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["HIV and the Pituitary Gland: Clinical and Biochemical Presentations"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Joyce","family":"Youssef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, The University of Buckingham, Buckingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rohan","family":"Sadera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, The University of Buckingham, Buckingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dushyant","family":"Mital","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of HIV and Blood Borne Viruses, Milton Keynes University Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed H.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and HIV Metabolic Clinic, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Eaglestone, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"04","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.2174\/187152908786786232","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of antiretroviral drugs: clinical review","volume":"8","author":"P P Filardi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"17","article-title":"Diabetes insipidus and hypopituitarism in HIV: an unexpected cause","volume":"2017","author":"C Tavares Bello","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S1042-3680(02)00017-7","article-title":"Pituitary anatomy and physiology","volume":"14","author":"A P Amar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R131","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-19-0318","article-title":"Anterior pituitary function in critical illness","volume":"8","author":"A T\u00e9blick","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1284366","article-title":"Hypopituitarism in a HIV affected patient","volume":"119","author":"B Harbeck","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1848.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2015.04.071","article-title":"Intracranial toxoplasmosis presenting as panhypopituitarism in an immunocompromised patient","volume":"33","author":"S Hamdeh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"S 09","key":"ref11","first-page":"33","article-title":"Hypopituitarism and HIV-infection: a new comorbidity in the HAART era?","volume":"31","author":"L Zirilli","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-65-3-482","article-title":"Adrenocortical function in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome","volume":"65","author":"L Membreno","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1086\/376626","article-title":"Thyroid and VIH Group. 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