{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T22:19:59Z","timestamp":1773094799144,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuropediatrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Emerging research has demonstrated that anti-myelin oligodendrocyte associated disorders (MOG-AD) are associated with a less severe clinical course than demyelinating conditions associated with the presence of aquaporin-4 antibodies. While a heterogeneity of neuropsychological outcomes in pediatric demyelinating conditions have been described in the literature, no studies to date have investigated the neuropsychological sequelae of pediatric MOG-AD specifically. The objective of the present case series was to describe the clinical and neuropsychological phenotypes of seven pediatric patients (ages 3\u201315 years) with MOG-AD of different diagnoses (e.g., acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, optic neuritis, multiple sclerosis, and neuromyelitis spectrum disorders). Neuropsychological outcomes were evaluated by retrospective chart review. Results indicated largely intact neuropsychological profiles in five of the seven patients, with mild weaknesses in attention, executive functioning, processing speed, visual-motor\/fine-motor skills, and mood concerns being observed. Two patients with a Kurtzke Extended Disability Status Scale of 0 still demonstrated findings on neuropsychological testing. Of the other two patients, one demonstrated higher levels of impairment in the context of a complex medical history and premorbid learning difficulties, while the other demonstrated declines in functioning likely associated with an earlier age of onset. Findings suggest that neuropsychological outcomes may be correspondingly less severe in this population compared with what has previously been described in the pediatric demyelinating disease literature. This differential impact may contribute to the heterogeneity of neuropsychological outcomes found in previous studies, and future research should separate participants with myelin oligodendrocyte antibodies given the difference in clinical course, treatment outcomes, and neuropsychological sequelae.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1723955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,14]],"date-time":"2021-02-14T05:14:01Z","timestamp":1613279641000},"page":"212-218","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Neuropsychological Phenotypes of Pediatric Anti-Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Associated Disorders: A Case Series"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Alexander","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, United States"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Marcus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robyn A.","family":"Howarth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4830-7792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grace Y.","family":"Gombolay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"01","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1144-2","article-title":"MOG encephalomyelitis: international recommendations on diagnosis and antibody testing","volume":"15","author":"S Jarius","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00217","article-title":"MOG-IgG-associated optic neuritis, encephalitis, and myelitis: lessons learned from neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder","volume":"9","author":"G R Dos Passos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-018-0112-x","article-title":"Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies in neurological disease","volume":"15","author":"M Reindl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00529","article-title":"Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein: deciphering a target in inflammatory demyelinating diseases","volume":"8","author":"P Peschl","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000101","article-title":"Distinction between MOG antibody-positive and AQP4 antibody-positive NMO spectrum disorders","volume":"82","author":"D K Sato","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.5857","article-title":"Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders with aquaporin-4 and myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies: a comparative study","volume":"71","author":"J Kitley","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.4601","article-title":"Disease course and treatment responses in children with relapsing myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease","volume":"75","author":"Y Hacohen","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1080\/09297049.2017.1339785","article-title":"Neuropsychological outcomes of pediatric demyelinating diseases: a review","volume":"24","author":"A Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"20","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000312276.23177.fa","article-title":"Cognitive and psychosocial features of childhood and juvenile MS","volume":"70","author":"M P Amato","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000158474.24191.BC","article-title":"Cognitive functioning in children and adolescents with multiple sclerosis","volume":"64","author":"W S MacAllister","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2016.01.003","article-title":"Long-term neurocognitive, psychosocial, and magnetic resonance imaging outcomes in pediatric-onset acute disseminated encephalomyelitis","volume":"57","author":"C Beatty","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1080\/87565641.2012.690799","article-title":"Cognitive and behavioral outcomes in individuals with a history of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)","volume":"37","author":"B J Kuni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dev Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"14","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458515576982","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in Chinese neuromyelitis optica","volume":"21","author":"N Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2004.03.008","article-title":"Neuropsychological outcome after acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: impact of age at illness onset","volume":"31","author":"R K Jacobs","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.1814","article-title":"Association of MOG-IgG serostatus with relapse after acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and proposed diagnostic criteria for MOG-IgG-associated disorders","volume":"75","author":"A S L\u00f3pez-Chiriboga","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"}],"container-title":["Neuropediatrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0041-1723955.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]],"date-time":"2021-06-02T22:47:35Z","timestamp":1622674055000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0041-1723955"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"03","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0041-1723955","relation":{},"ISSN":["0174-304X","1439-1899"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0174-304X","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-1899","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]]}}}