{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T02:09:41Z","timestamp":1780538981577,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"02","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,15]],"date-time":"2021-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Global Medical Genetics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bone is a specialized form of connective tissue, which is mineralized and made up of approximately 28% type I collagen and 5% noncollagenous matrix proteins. The properties of bone are very remarkable, because it is a dynamic tissue, undergoing constant renewal in response to mechanical, nutritional, and hormonal influences. In 1978, \u201cThe International Nomenclature of Constitutional Diseases of Bone\u201d divided bone disorders into two broad groups: osteochondrodysplasias and dysostoses. The osteochondrodysplasia group is further subdivided into two categories: dysplasias (abnormalities of bone and\/or cartilage growth) and osteodystrophies (abnormalities of bone and\/or cartilage texture). The dysplasias form the largest group of bone disorders, hence the loose term \u201cskeletal dysplasia\u201d that is often incorrectly used when referring to a condition that is in reality an osteodystrophy or dysostosis. The word \u201cdystrophy\u201d implies any condition of abnormal development. \u201cOsteodystrophies,\u201d as their name implies, are disturbances in the growth of bone. It is also known as osteodystrophia. It includes bone diseases that are neither inflammatory nor neoplastic but may be genetic, metabolic, or of unknown origin. Recent studies have shown that bone influences the activity of other organs, and the bone is also influenced by other organs and systems of the body, providing new insights and evidencing the complexity and dynamic nature of bone tissue. The 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, or simply vitamin D, in association with other hormones and minerals, is responsible for mediating the intestinal absorption of calcium, which influences plasma calcium levels and bone metabolism. Diagnosis of the specific osteodystrophy type is a rather complex process and various biochemical markers and radiographic findings are used, so as to facilitate this condition. For diagnosis, we must consider the possibility of lesions related to bone metabolism altered by chronic renal failure (CRI), such as the different types of osteodystrophies, and differentiate from other possible neoplastic and\/or inflammatory pathologies. It is important that the dentist must be aware of patients medical history, suffering from any systemic diseases, and identify the interference of the drugs and treatments to control them, so that we can able to perform the correct diagnosis and propose the most adequate treatment and outcomes of the individuals with bone lesions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1724105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T08:32:28Z","timestamp":1615883548000},"page":"041-050","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Genetic Disorders of Bone or Osteodystrophies of Jaws\u2014A Review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"08","author":[{"given":"Sirisha","family":"Vammi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practitioner, Oral Medicine and Radiology, Vishakapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaya Lakshmi","family":"Bukyya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Tirumala Institute of Dental Sciences, Nizamabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anulekha Avinash","family":"CK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. L. Avinash","family":"Tejasvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Archana","family":"Pokala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chanchala","family":"HP","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, JSS Dental College, Mysore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyanka","family":"Talwade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, JSS Dental College, Mysore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Praveen Kumar","family":"Neela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. K.","family":"Shyamilee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practitioner, MDS in Oral Pathology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Oshin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology, Tirumala Institute of Dental Sciences, Nizamabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veenila","family":"Pantala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology, Tirumala Institute of Dental Sciences, Nizamabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"S 03","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S131","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.04151206","article-title":"Normal bone anatomy and physiology","volume":"3","author":"B Clarke","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/86.1.77","article-title":"Bone biology and the clinical implications for osteoporosis","volume":"86","author":"P A Downey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mpmed.2013.07.007","article-title":"Bone structure and metabolism","volume":"41","author":"S H Ralston","year":"2013","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2008.03.027","article-title":"Osteoclast-osteoblast communication","volume":"473","author":"K Matsuo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"678","volume-title":"A Textbook of Oral Pathology","author":"W G Shafer","year":"2000","edition":"4th ed."},{"issue":"05","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.02.001","article-title":"Bone as an endocrine organ","volume":"20","author":"S Fukumoto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2008.07.016","article-title":"Bone remodeling: multiple cellular interactions required for coupling of bone formation and resorption","volume":"19","author":"N A Sims","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin Cell Dev Biol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(01)00642-1","article-title":"Targeted and nontargeted bone remodeling: relationship to basic multicellular unit origination and progression","volume":"30","author":"A M Parfitt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-472X(99)00061-2","article-title":"Cell biology of the osteoclast","volume":"27","author":"G D Roodman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Exp Hematol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref10","first-page":"189","article-title":"Recent advances in osteoclast biology and pathological bone resorption","volume":"19","author":"H C Blair","year":"2004","journal-title":"Histol Histopathol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-001-1121-z","article-title":"Osteopontin deficiency increases mineral content and mineral crystallinity in mouse bone","volume":"71","author":"A L Boskey","year":"2002","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.147.5.1097","article-title":"Matrix GLA protein is a developmental regulator of chondrocyte mineralization and, when constitutively expressed, blocks endochondral and intramembranous ossification in the limb","volume":"147","author":"K Yagami","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"371","article-title":"Bone biology. 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