{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T21:33:13Z","timestamp":1773264793608,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]],"date-time":"2021-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Effective disinfection is a basic procedure in medical facilities, including those conducting dental surgeries, where treatments for tissue discontinuity are also performed, as it is an important element of infection prevention. Disinfectants used in dentistry and dental and maxillofacial surgery include both inorganic (hydrogen peroxide, sodium chlorite-hypochlorite) and organic compounds (ethanol, isopropanol, peracetic acid, chlorhexidine, eugenol). Various mechanisms of action of disinfectants have been reported, which include destruction of the structure of bacterial and fungal cell membranes; damage of nucleic acids; denaturation of proteins, which in turn causes inhibition of enzyme activity; loss of cell membrane integrity; and decomposition of cell components. This article discusses the most important examples of substances used as disinfectants in dentistry and presents the mechanisms of their action with particular focus on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The search was conducted in ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Scopus databases. The interest of scientists in the use of disinfectants in dental practice is constantly growing, which results in the increasing number of publications on disinfection, sterilization, and asepsis. Many disinfectants often possess several of the abovementioned mechanisms of action. In addition, disinfectant preparations used in dental practice either contain one compound or are frequently a mixture of active compounds, which increases their range and effectiveness of antimicrobial action. Currently available information on disinfectants that can be used to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection in dental practices was summarized.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1724154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T06:54:07Z","timestamp":1616050447000},"page":"388-400","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Disinfectants Used in Stomatology and SARS-CoV-2 Infection"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Stawarz-Janeczek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agata","family":"Kryczyk-Poprawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo\u017cena","family":"Muszy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W\u0142odzimierz","family":"Opoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jolanta","family":"Pytko-Polo\u0144czyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"01","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.14.1.831","article-title":"History of disinfection from early times until the end of the 18th century","volume":"14","author":"J Blancou","year":"1995","journal-title":"Rev Sci Tech"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsha.2013.04.003","article-title":"Physician \u2018defiance\u2019 towards hand hygiene compliance: Is there a theory-practice-ethics gap?","volume":"25","author":"M Mortell","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Saudi Heart Assoc"},{"key":"ref3","author":"W Szcz\u0119sny","year":"2019"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1177\/000313481808400616","article-title":"Antisepsis and asepsis and how they shaped modern surgery","volume":"84","author":"D K Nakayama","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1080\/08941930902794729","article-title":"Louis Pasteur surgical revolution","volume":"22","author":"L H Toledo-Pereyra","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Invest Surg"},{"issue":"18","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.18.18-00222","article-title":"Preventing sepsis in healthcare\u2014200 years after the birth of Ignaz Semmelweis","volume":"23","author":"D Pittet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1017\/mdh.2012.22","article-title":"Asepsis and bacteriology: a realignment of surgery and laboratory science","volume":"56","author":"T Schlich","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Hist"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e37","DOI":"10.12816\/0003334","article-title":"The legacy of Robert Koch: surmise, search, substantiate","volume":"14","author":"R Lakhtakia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2302\/kjm.54.1","article-title":"Jan Mikulicz-Radecki: one of the creators of world surgery","volume":"54","author":"W Kielan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Keio J Med"},{"key":"ref10","author":"T Kaczmarzyk","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref12","author":"M Bara\u0144ska-Gachowska","year":"2004"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2020.03.008","article-title":"Diogenes A, Hargreaves K. Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19).","volume":"46","author":"A Ather","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-020-0075-9","article-title":"Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice","volume":"12","author":"X Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Oral Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2001468","article-title":"Transmission of 2019-nCoV infection from an asymptomatic contact in Germany","volume":"382","author":"C Rothe","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03248-x","article-title":"Coronavirus COVID-19 impacts to dentistry and potential salivary diagnosis","volume":"24","author":"R Sabino-Silva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"101","article-title":"Dezynfekcja przeciwwirusowa w obszarze medycznym Post","volume":"58","author":"A Trzci\u0144ska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mikrobiol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.1.147","article-title":"Antiseptics and disinfectants: activity, action, and resistance","volume":"12","author":"G McDonnell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"3331","author":"W A Rutala"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-0105.141946","article-title":"Disinfecting efficacy of three chemical disinfectants on contaminated diagnostic instruments: a randomized trial","volume":"5","author":"R Ganavadiya","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Basic Clin Pharm"},{"key":"ref24","author":"B M Andersen","year":"2018"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(20)30013-6","article-title":"Solar ultraviolet radiation sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"1","author":"A Seyer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","volume-title":"Sterilization and disinfection","author":"S Mohapatra","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-805299-0.00059-2"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2015.10.038","article-title":"Disinfection, sterilization, and antisepsis: an overview","volume":"44","author":"W A Rutala","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1110\/ps.26801","article-title":"Disulfide bond effects on protein stability: designed variants of Cucurbita maxima trypsin inhibitor-V","volume":"10","author":"M Zavodszky","year":"2001","journal-title":"Protein Sci"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3947\/ic.2018.50.2.101","article-title":"Review of disinfection and sterilization\u2014back to the basics","volume":"50","author":"J H Yoo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect Chemother"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.11.005","article-title":"Disinfection and sterilization: an overview","volume":"41","author":"W A Rutala","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"ref40","author":"L McKeen","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2020.104063","article-title":"Photo-Fenton disinfection at near neutral pH: Process, parameter optimization and recent advances","volume":"8","author":"K O\u2019Dowd","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Environ Chem Eng"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a012559","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a012559","article-title":"DNA base damage by reactive oxygen species, oxidizing agents, and UV radiation","volume":"5","author":"J Cadet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks129","article-title":"Use of hydrogen peroxide as a biocide: new consideration of its mechanisms of biocidal action","volume":"67","author":"E Linley","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref44","first-page":"349","article-title":"Antibacterial and toxic effect of hydrogen peroxide combined with different concentrations of chlorhexidine in comparison with sodium hypochlorite","volume":"16","author":"H Mirhadi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Dent (Shiraz)"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-0762.151956","article-title":"Biofilm in endodontics: A review","volume":"5","author":"K Jhajharia","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Int Soc Prev Community Dent"},{"key":"ref46","author":"I Johansson","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref47","author":"G R Dychdala","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref48","author":"National Research Council (US) Safe Drinking Water Committee","year":"1987"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-9877(03)00026-4","article-title":"The physiology and pharmacology of singlet oxygen","volume":"60","author":"T W Stief","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"45","article-title":"Dezynfekcja wody dwutlenkiem chloru","volume":"4","author":"M Mielczarek","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1551-8833.1990.tb06947.x","article-title":"Minimizing chlorite ion and chlorate ion in water treated with chlorine dioxide","volume":"82","author":"G Gordon","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Am Water Works Assoc"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e79157","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079157","article-title":"Chlorine dioxide is a size-selective antimicrobial agent","volume":"8","author":"Z Noszticzius","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2009.09.017","article-title":"Analysis of the sporicidal activity of chlorine dioxide disinfectant against Bacillus anthracis (Sterne strain)","volume":"74","author":"B M Chatuev","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6701(96)90124-3","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of superoxidized water","volume":"34","author":"H Tanaka","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1177\/147323000303100407","article-title":"Comparison of the microbicidal activities of superoxidized and ozonated water in the disinfection of endoscopes","volume":"31","author":"M Urata","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6701(99)90038-5","article-title":"Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of a new super-oxidized water, Sterilox, for the disinfection of endoscopes","volume":"41","author":"J B Selkon","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20151227","article-title":"Protein oxidation and peroxidation","volume":"473","author":"M J Davies","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wroa.2018.09.002","article-title":"Oxidation of amino acids by peracetic acid: reaction kinetics, pathways and theoretical calculations","volume":"1","author":"P Du","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water Res X"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-019-00260-x","article-title":"Infectious disease management and control with Povidone Iodine","volume":"8","author":"M Eggers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Dis Ther"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-015-0091-9","article-title":"Rapid and effective virucidal activity of povidone-iodine products against middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara (MVA).","volume":"4","author":"M Eggers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect Dis Ther"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-018-0200-7","article-title":"In vitro bactericidal and virucidal efficacy of Povidone-Iodine gargle\/mouthwash against respiratory and oral tract pathogens","volume":"7","author":"M Eggers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect Dis Ther"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4184(19995)332:5<151::AID-ARDP151>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Iodine and disinfection: theoretical study on mode of action, efficiency, stability, and analytical aspects in the aqueous system","volume":"332","author":"W Gottardi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Pharm (Weinheim)"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2795(77)90026-5","article-title":"Differences in the sites of iodination of proteins following four methods of radioiodination","volume":"490","author":"K A Krohn","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-4120(03)00147-8","article-title":"Disinfection of wastewater with peracetic acid: a review","volume":"30","author":"M Kitis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.1994.tb00243.x","article-title":"Evaluation of the antimicrobial effectiveness of citric acid and sodium hypochlorite on the anaerobic flora of the infected root canal","volume":"27","author":"M Georgopoulou","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-775720130691","article-title":"Antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of phosphoric acid solution compared to other root canal irrigants","volume":"23","author":"M Prado","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Appl Oral Sci"},{"key":"ref68","author":"M Klein","year":"1983"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5924717","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/5924717","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of a cationic guanidine compound against two pathogenic oral bacteria","volume":"2017","author":"E Escamilla-Garc\u00eda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Microbiol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9185.155140","article-title":"Perioperative chlorhexidine allergy: is it serious?","volume":"31","author":"C Abdallah","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e36659","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036659","article-title":"Differential actions of chlorhexidine on the cell wall of Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli","volume":"7","author":"H Y Cheung","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref73","author":"Z Xuedong","year":"2016"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-6701(93)90109-D","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of chlorhexidine","volume":"25","author":"A D Russell","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1987.tb02701.x","article-title":"The sporicidal activity and inactivation of chlorhexidine gluconate in aqueous and alcoholic solution","volume":"63","author":"S P Gorman","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Appl Bacteriol"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.0c00437","article-title":"Increased use of quaternary ammonium compounds during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and beyond: consideration of environmental implications","volume":"7","author":"P I Hora","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol Lett"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.38.4.493","article-title":"The quaternary ammonium compounds in sanitization","volume":"38","author":"E C McCulloch","year":"1948","journal-title":"Am J Public Health Nations Health"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1002\/jsde.12293","article-title":"Surfactants as antimicrobials: a brief overview of microbial interfacial chemistry and surfactant antimicrobial activity","volume":"22","author":"N A Falk","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Surfactants Deterg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02633-14","article-title":"Quaternary ammonium biocides: efficacy in application","volume":"81","author":"C P Gerba","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-020-02842-8","article-title":"Repurposing quaternary ammonium compounds as potential treatments for COVID-19","volume":"37","author":"N Baker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-81-322-1774-9_1","article-title":"Bacterial resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) disinfectants","volume":"808","author":"R Bragg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"299","key":"ref84","first-page":"111","article-title":"Effects of chlorhexidine diacetate and cetylpyridinium chloride on whole cells and protoplasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.","volume":"74","author":"S J Hiom","year":"1993","journal-title":"Microbios"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.2144\/04375RV01","article-title":"Glutaraldehyde: behavior in aqueous solution, reaction with proteins, and application to enzyme crosslinking","volume":"37","author":"I Migneault","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biotechniques"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1039\/c29690000565","article-title":"The nature of glutaraldehyde in aqueous solution","author":"P Hardy","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Chem Soc D"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1053\/ge.1999.v50.99615","article-title":"GI endoscopic reprocessing practices in the United States","volume":"50","author":"R J Cheung","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1008991","article-title":"Patient and staff exposure to glutaraldehyde from KeyMed Auto-Disinfector endoscope washing machine","volume":"26","author":"D A Lynch","year":"1994","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg099","article-title":"Effects of ortho-phthalaldehyde, glutaraldehyde and chlorhexidine diacetate on Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium abscessus strains with modified permeability","volume":"51","author":"S Fraud","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref91","first-page":"34","article-title":"Evaluation of efficacy of disinfectants using standard methods in healthcare facilities in Kogi state, Northcentral Nigeria","volume":"3","author":"E A Eliasa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian J Biomed Pharmaceutical Sci"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1007\/s002840010145","article-title":"Effects of thymol on ruminal microorganisms","volume":"41","author":"J D Evans","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr Microbiol"},{"issue":"S 01","key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S071","DOI":"10.4103\/1305-7456.119078","article-title":"Antimicrobial efficacy of five essential oils against oral pathogens: an in vitro study","volume":"7","author":"N Thosar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Dent"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.4274\/tjps.62207","article-title":"Pharmacological and toxicological properties of eugenol","volume":"14","author":"S Mohammadi Nejad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Turk J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"ref95","first-page":"68","article-title":"Natural products in dentistry","volume":"27","author":"J Pytko-Polo\u0144czyk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med Intern Revuo"},{"issue":"00","key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1974.tb43261.x","article-title":"The barrier function of the gram-negative envelope","volume":"235","author":"L Leive","year":"1974","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02001-07","article-title":"Antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of the silver ion in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.","volume":"74","author":"W K Jung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15010080","article-title":"Revitalising silver nitrate for caries management","volume":"15","author":"S S Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S191340","article-title":"Antibacterial activity and mechanism of silver nanoparticles against multidrug-resistant Pseudom-onas aeruginosa.","volume":"14","author":"S Liao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0196555","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0196555","article-title":"The microbial killing capacity of aqueous and gaseous ozone on different surfaces contaminated with dairy cattle manure","volume":"13","author":"A Megahed","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.3390\/dj8020053","article-title":"Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and Dentistry-A comprehensive review of literature","volume":"8","author":"P Barabari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dent J (Basel)"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2020.100044","article-title":"Potential role of inanimate surfaces for the spread of coronaviruses and their inactivation with disinfectant agents","volume":"2","author":"G Kampf","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect Prevent Pract"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5114\/jos.2020.94168","article-title":"COVID-19 and professional dental practice. The Polish Dental Association Working Group recommendations for procedures in dental office during an increased epidemiological risk","volume":"73","author":"M Dominiak","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Stomatol"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2020.104741","article-title":"What dentists need to know about COVID-19","volume":"105","author":"M Baghizadeh Fini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4609","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17124609","article-title":"COVID-19 and dentistry: prevention in dental practice, a literature review","volume":"17","author":"F A Villani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0041-1724154.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T10:15:55Z","timestamp":1698056155000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0041-1724154"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"02","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0041-1724154","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1305-7456","1305-7464"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1305-7456","type":"print"},{"value":"1305-7464","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]]}}}