{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T06:07:09Z","timestamp":1782022029758,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Federa\u00e7\u00e3o das Associa\u00e7\u00f5es de Ginecologia e Obstetr\u00edcia","issue":"03","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]],"date-time":"2021-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":45,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Objective\u2003The present study aimed to explore the opinion and ethical consideration of vulvovaginal aesthetics procedures (VVAPs) among health professionals and medical students in Saudi Arabia.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Methods\u2003This is a cross-sectional study performed between January 2020 and April 2020. Data was collected through electronic media, WhatsApp, and emails. The results were analyzed by applying the Students t-test, and correlations were considered significant if they presented a p-value\u2009&lt;\u20090.05.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Results\u2003There is significant demand to educate doctors, health professionals, medical students, and gynecologists for the VVAPs to have a solid foundation, justified indications, and knowledge about various aesthetic options. Although female doctors, medical students, young doctors, and gynecologists have more knowledge about VVAPs, all health professionals ought to be aware of recent trends in vulvovaginal aesthetics (VVA). The present analysis determined that VVA should be under the domain of gynecologists, rather than under that of plastic surgeons, general surgeons, and cosmetologists. The majority of the participants considered that vaginal rejuvenation, \u201cG-spot\u201d augmentation, clitoral surgery, and hymenoplasty are not justifiable on medical grounds.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusion\u2003The decision to opt for different techniques for vaginal tightening and revitalization should be taken very carefully, utilizing the shared decision-making approach. Ethical aspects and moral considerations are important key factors before embarking in the VVAPs purely for cosmetic reasons. Further research is required to determine the sexual, psychological, and body image outcomes for women who underwent elective VVAPs. Moreover, medical educators must consider VVAPs as part of the undergraduate and postgraduate medical curriculum.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1725050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T05:28:36Z","timestamp":1618550916000},"page":"178-184","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Awareness about Vulvovaginal Aesthetics Procedures among Medical Students and Health Professionals in Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.61622","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4890-5864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shazia","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfarabi College of Medicine Riyadh, Alfarabi, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6302-5609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khalid","family":"Akkour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Saud University, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2025-3649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bushra","family":"Bano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3325-5651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghaiath","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birmingham University, Birmingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9565-5971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manal Khalid Kamal Ali","family":"Elhelow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Alfarabi College of Medicine, Alfarabi, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4829-4004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atheer Mansour","family":"Al-Mutairi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Alfarabi College of Medicine, Alfarabi, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8821-2275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Balqees Sami Khaza'l","family":"Aljasim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Alfarabi College of Medicine, Alfarabi, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"47794","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55100615","article-title":"Vaginal health in menopausal women","volume":"55","author":"S Alvisi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000001061","article-title":"Vaginal health of postmenopausal women on nutraceutical containing equol","volume":"25","author":"S Caruso","year":"2018","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1080\/13697137.2019.1643180","article-title":"Vulvovaginal atrophy in women after cancer","volume":"22","author":"P Cox","year":"2019","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1007\/s13224-018-1115-7","article-title":"Audit of female genital aesthetic surgery: changing trends in India","volume":"68","author":"S A Desai","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol India"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15761\/OGR.1000115","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of dynamic quadripolar radiofrequency, a new high-tech, high-safety option for vulvar rejuvenation","volume":"1","author":"G Beninc\u00e0","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Rep"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-020-04282-9","article-title":"Local treatment with a polycarbophil-based cream in postmenopausal women with genitourinary syndrome of menopause","volume":"\u2022\u2022\u2022","author":"T Yodplob","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.12.060","article-title":"A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of autologous platelet-rich plasma intradermal injections for the treatment of vulvar lichen sclerosus","volume":"80","author":"A T Goldstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12678","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.12678","article-title":"Primavera: A new therapeutical approach to vulvo-vaginal atrophy","volume":"31","author":"P Amori","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13030","DOI":"10.5070\/D3249041410","article-title":"Genital rejuvenation: the next frontier in medical and cosmetic dermatology","volume":"24","author":"P R Cohen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dermatol Online J"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.23812\/19-251-L","article-title":"Genitourinary syndrome of menopause and the role of biostimulation with non-cross-linked injectable hyaluronic acid plus calcium hydroxyapatite","volume":"33","author":"I P Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Biol Regul Homeost Agents"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2014.10.003","article-title":"Ethical considerations regarding requests and offering of cosmetic genital surgery","volume":"128","author":"Figo Committee For The Ethical Aspects Of Human Reproduction And Women's Health","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1548-1360.2012.01174.x","article-title":"Ascertaining deadly harms: aesthetics and politics of global evidence","volume":"28","author":"S Hod\u017ei\u0107","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cult Anthropol"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1603967","article-title":"Survey on aesthetic vulvovaginal procedures: what do Portuguese doctors and medical students think?","volume":"39","author":"P Vieira-Baptista","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sxmr.2017.12.004","article-title":"Female sexual dysfunction: a systematic review of outcomes across various treatment modalities","volume":"7","author":"J M Weinberger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sex Med Rev"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002733","article-title":"Female sexual dysfunction and the placebo effect: a meta-analysis","volume":"132","author":"J M Weinberger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(14)60507-9","article-title":"Aesthetic deprivation in clinical settings","volume":"383","author":"H Moss","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23931","article-title":"The clinical role of LASER for vulvar and vaginal treatments in gynecology and female urology: An ICS\/ISSVD best practice consensus document","volume":"38","author":"M Preti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gore.2019.100505","article-title":"New Keystone flap application in vulvo-perineal reconstructive surgery: A case series","volume":"30","author":"M Peiretti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol Rep"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-018-4360-5","article-title":"Reproductive health care across the lifecourse of the female cancer patient","volume":"27","author":"L A Rubinsak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-15458-5","volume-title":"Regenerative medicine procedures for aesthetic physicians","author":"H Pinto","year":"2019"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000005883","article-title":"Female genital and vaginal plastic surgery: an overview","volume":"144","author":"O J Placik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s11934-018-0831-y","article-title":"Laser therapy for genitourinary syndrome of menopause","volume":"19","author":"A Rabley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Urol Rep"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"O11","DOI":"10.1111\/luts.12204","article-title":"A medical device containing purified bovine colostrum (Monurelle Biogel) in the treatment of vulvovaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women: Retrospective analysis of urinary symptoms, sexual function, and quality of life","volume":"11","author":"M C Schiavi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Low Urin Tract Symptoms"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2010.02.005","article-title":"Aesthetic aspects of reconstructive clitoroplasty in females with bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex","volume":"63","author":"B A VanderBrink","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-019-0693-6","article-title":"Algorithms for managing vulvovaginal symptoms-a practical primer","volume":"21","author":"O Reichman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Infect Dis Rep"}],"container-title":["Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetr\u00edcia \/ RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journalrbgo.org\/article\/awareness-about-vulvovaginal-aesthetics-procedures-among-medical-students-and-health-professionals-in-saudi-arabia\/","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0041-1725050.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]],"date-time":"2024-07-18T20:57:49Z","timestamp":1721336269000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journalrbgo.org\/article\/awareness-about-vulvovaginal-aesthetics-procedures-among-medical-students-and-health-professionals-in-saudi-arabia\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"03","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0041-1725050","relation":{},"ISSN":["0100-7203","1806-9339"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0100-7203","type":"print"},{"value":"1806-9339","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}}}