{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T08:34:01Z","timestamp":1740126841344,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Facial Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Platelet preparations are autologous blood concentrates with supraphysiologic concentrations of platelets with or without leukocytes used in various clinical applications including regenerative medicine, wound healing, and facial rejuvenation. Their use harnesses the important role of platelets and their secretory products in immunoregulation, wound healing, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling. The use of platelet preparations has been long documented in orthopaedic surgery, maxillofacial surgery, and other fields, but over the years research has increased in their application to facial plastic surgical techniques. Here we review the various formulations of platelet rich concentrates, their applications to facial skin rejuvenation, wound healing, scar reduction, and tissue fill as documented in the literature since 2018.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1725107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T01:17:48Z","timestamp":1614302268000},"page":"218-223","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Theory and Evidence for Platelet Therapy of the Aging Face"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0680-6609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arron M.","family":"Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony P.","family":"Sclafani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Joan and Sanford I Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York"},{"name":"Department of Facial Plastic Surgery, Center for Facial Plastic Surgery, Chappaqua, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"06","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.10.6.402","article-title":"New developments in wound healing relevant to facial plastic surgery","volume":"10","author":"D B Hom","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Facial Plast Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2008.11.009","article-title":"Classification of platelet concentrates: from pure platelet-rich plasma (P-PRP) to leucocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF)","volume":"27","author":"D M Dohan Ehrenfest","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends in Biotechnology"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2016.06.002","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma","volume":"27","author":"P I Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am"},{"issue":"S 01","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2019.05.008","article-title":"Leukocyte-rich PRP versus leukocyte-poor PRP\u2014the role of monocyte\/macrophage function in the healing cascade","volume":"10","author":"J F Lana","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2004.09.012","article-title":"Differential growth factor retention by platelet-rich plasma composites","volume":"63","author":"R C Tsay","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2019.03.005","article-title":"The benefits of platelet-rich fibrin","volume":"27","author":"K Karimi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000001448","article-title":"Efficacy of autologous platelet concentrates as adjuvant therapy to surgical excision in the treatment of keloid scars refractory to conventional treatments: a pilot prospective study","volume":"81","author":"B Hersant","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12935","article-title":"Combination therapy using subcision, needling, and platelet-rich plasma in the management of grade 4 atrophic acne scars: a pilot study","volume":"18","author":"S Bhargava","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13048","article-title":"Treatment of atrophic acne scars using autologous platelet-rich plasma vs combined subcision and autologous platelet-rich plasma: a split-face comparative study","volume":"19","author":"A S Hassan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2017.1365111","article-title":"Skin microneedling plus platelet-rich plasma versus skin microneedling alone in the treatment of atrophic post acne scars: a split face comparative study","volume":"29","author":"M K Ibrahim","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22776","article-title":"Combination of platelet rich plasma in fractional carbon dioxide laser treatment increased clinical efficacy of for acne scar by enhancement of collagen production and modulation of laser-induced inflammation","volume":"50","author":"S Min","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12909","article-title":"Fractional CO2 laser versus combined platelet-rich plasma and fractional CO2 laser in treatment of acne scars: image analysis system evaluation","volume":"18","author":"O Galal","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.teb.2013.0317","article-title":"Application of platelet-rich plasma and platelet-rich fibrin in fat grafting: basic science and literature review","volume":"20","author":"H T Liao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Part B Rev"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.13029","article-title":"The use of fat grafting and platelet-rich plasma for wound healing: a review of the current evidence","volume":"16","author":"O J Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000004081","article-title":"the addition of platelet-rich plasma to facial lipofilling: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial","volume":"141","author":"J CN Willemsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjy254","article-title":"A preliminary clinical trial comparing split treatments to the face and hand with autologous fat grafting and platelet-rich plasma (PRP): a 3D, IRB-approved study","volume":"39","author":"G H Sasaki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.13034","article-title":"Use of platelet-rich plasma to facilitate wound healing","volume":"16","author":"Y Menchisheva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000001794","article-title":"Effects of platelet-rich plasma on aesthetic outcomes of maxillofacial surgical procedures","volume":"46","author":"M Yuliya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1693035","article-title":"Effect of injectable platelet-rich fibrin on diced cartilage's viability in rhinoplasty","volume":"35","author":"S Gode","year":"2019","journal-title":"Facial Plast Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830.2017.1383453","article-title":"Effect of platelet-rich plasma on patients after blepharoplasty surgery","volume":"37","author":"F Parra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2020.29.1.36","article-title":"Use of autologous platelet-rich plasma in healing skin graft donor sites","volume":"29","author":"I Slaninka","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Wound Care"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1080\/2000656X.2019.1635489","article-title":"The use of autologous platelet-rich plasma gel increases wound healing and reduces scar development in split-thickness skin graft donor sites","volume":"53","author":"Z Fang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Plast Surg Hand Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12802","article-title":"Autologous pure platelet-rich plasma injections for facial skin rejuvenation: biometric instrumental evaluations and patient-reported outcomes to support antiaging effects","volume":"18","author":"P A Everts","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13196","article-title":"Lower facial regeneration with a combination of platelet-rich fibrin liquid matrices based on the low speed centrifugation concept-Cleopatra technique","volume":"19","author":"C Nacopoulos","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2018.1524821","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma is a useful therapeutic option in melasma","volume":"30","author":"E RM Hofny","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1080\/14764172.2019.1668016","article-title":"Increased expression of TGF-\u03b2 protein in the lesional skins of melasma patients following treatment with platelet-rich plasma","volume":"21","author":"E RM Hofny","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cosmet Laser Ther"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12397","article-title":"Combined treatment with fractional carbon dioxide laser, autologous platelet-rich plasma, and narrow band ultraviolet B for vitiligo in different body sites: a prospective, randomized comparative trial","volume":"17","author":"R Abdelghani","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14172","article-title":"Combining microneedling with other minimally invasive procedures for facial rejuvenation: a split-face comparative study","volume":"57","author":"M El-Domyati","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12478","article-title":"Evaluation of carboxytherapy and platelet-rich plasma in treatment of periorbital hyperpigmentation: a comparative clinical trial","volume":"17","author":"E Nofal","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12964","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of using platelet-rich plasma versus chemical peeling in periorbital hyperpigmentation","volume":"18","author":"N F Ellabban","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Facial Plastic 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