{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T05:11:09Z","timestamp":1738905069677,"version":"3.37.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Academy of Audiology","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["j am acad audiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Abstract<\/jats:bold>  <jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>\u2003Understanding the functional differences between crossed and uncrossed medial olivocochlear (MOC) neurons has been of interest to researchers for decades. Previous reports revealed conflicting results about which MOC pathway, crossed or uncrossed,\n is stronger in humans. Both crossed and uncrossed MOC neurons synapse at the base of the outer hair cells (OHCs) in each ear. OHCs generate the cochlear microphonic, which is a major contributor to the cochlear response (CR) <jats:bold>Purpose<\/jats:bold>\u2003The current study investigated the effects\n of eliciting the crossed and uncrossed MOC reflex (MOCR) on CR in humans with three levels of noise. <jats:bold>Research Design<\/jats:bold>\u2003Normal-hearing, young adults (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200916) participated in this study. The CR was recorded using 500\u2009Hz tone-burst stimuli presented at\n 80\u2009dB nHL. To examine the crossed and uncrossed MOCR, CR was recorded without and with continuous ipsilateral or contralateral broadband noise (BBN) at three levels (40, 50, and 60\u2009dB SPL). <jats:bold>Data Analysis<\/jats:bold>\u2003Analysis of the CR was completed using the amplitude of\n the response extracted using fast Fourier transform. Statistical analysis was completed using repeated measures analysis of variance and <jats:italic>post-hoc<\/jats:italic> analysis. <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2003Compared with baseline, the presentation of BBN, specifically contralaterally, resulted in CR enhancement\n with no significant difference as a function of the three BBN levels. Greater enhancement of the CR amplitude was observed with contralateral than ipsilateral BBN elicitor. <jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\u2003The current findings suggest that a contralateral elicitor of the uncrossed MOC pathway results\n in a larger CR amplitude enhancement compared with an ipsilateral elicitor of the crossed MOC pathway, regardless of the elicitor level. Eliciting the MOCR appears to modulate the OHCs function. Furthermore, assessing the MOCR with the 500\u2009Hz CR with BBN elicitors at moderate levels\n should separate its effects (i.e., increase response amplitude) from those associated with the middle ear muscle reflex (i.e., reduce response amplitude).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1728649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]],"date-time":"2021-11-03T23:54:03Z","timestamp":1635983643000},"page":"366-373","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Medial Olivocochlear Reflex Effect on Cochlear Response in Humans: Elicitor Side and Level"],"prefix":"10.3766","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Abdullah M.","family":"Jamos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark E.","family":"Chertoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hearing and Speech, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wafaa A.","family":"Kaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Ferraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hearing and Speech, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2087","reference":[{"issue":"02","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.900840204","article-title":"The olivary peduncle and other fiber projections of the superior olivary complex","volume":"84","author":"G L Rasmussen","year":"1946","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4701","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-12-04701.2000","article-title":"Predicting vulnerability to acoustic injury with a noninvasive assay of olivocochlear reflex strength","volume":"20","author":"S F Maison","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1988.60.2.549","article-title":"Effect of electrical stimulation of the crossed olivocochlear bundle on temporary threshold shifts in auditory sensitivity. I. Dependence on electrical stimulation parameters","volume":"60","author":"R Rajan","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199705060-00042","article-title":"Auditory efferents involved in speech-in-noise intelligibility","volume":"8","author":"A L Giraud","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1718705","article-title":"The role of the medial olivocochlear reflex in acceptable noise level in adults","volume":"32","author":"A M Jamos","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Acad Audiol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1159\/000013855","article-title":"The human olivocochlear system: organization and development","volume":"4","author":"J K Moore","year":"1999","journal-title":"Audiol Neurotol"},{"issue":"48","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9560","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3004-18.2019","article-title":"Cochlear efferent innervation is sparse in humans and decrease with age","volume":"39","author":"L D Liberman","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aud.0000240507.83072.e7","article-title":"Olivocochlear efferents: anatomy, physiology, function, and the measurement of efferent effects in humans","volume":"27","author":"J J Guinan Jr","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-06-02212.1997","article-title":"Acetylcholine, outer hair cell electromotility, and the cochlear amplifier","volume":"17","author":"P Dallos","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2949435","article-title":"Medial olivocochlear efferent inhibition of basilar-membrane responses to clicks: evidence for two modes of cochlear mechanical excitation","volume":"124","author":"J J Guinan Jr","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1918374","article-title":"Auditory-evoked potentials from cochlea to cortex as influenced by activation of the efferent olivo-cochlear bundle","volume":"34","author":"J E Desmedt","year":"1962","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1910395","article-title":"Efferent inhibition in the cochlea related to hair-cell dc activity: study of postsynaptic activity of the crossed olivocochlear fibres in the cat","volume":"41","author":"J Fex","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2020.107925","article-title":"Human medial olivocochlear reflex: contralateral activation effect on low and high frequency cochlear response","volume":"389","author":"A M Jamos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(87)90166-3","article-title":"Effects of electrical stimulation of medial olivocochlear neurons on ipsilateral and contralateral cochlear responses","volume":"29","author":"M L Gifford","year":"1987","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3109\/00016486609119552","article-title":"A comparison of the efferent effects of the homolateral and contralateral olivo-cochlear bundles","volume":"62","author":"H Sohmer","year":"1966","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2957","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4934556","article-title":"An analysis of cochlear response harmonics: contribution of neural excitation","volume":"138","author":"M E Chertoff","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-014-0447-y","article-title":"The auditory nerve overlapped waveform (ANOW) originates in the cochlear apex","volume":"15","author":"J T Lichtenhan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Assoc Res Otolaryngol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(02)00642-1","article-title":"The influence of inner hair cell loss on the instantaneous frequency of the cochlear microphonic","volume":"174","author":"M E Chertoff","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3766\/jaaa.19.1.5","article-title":"Observations on mastoid versus ear canal recorded cochlear microphonic in newborns and adults","volume":"19","author":"M Riazi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Acad Audiol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1952.15.6.497","article-title":"Modification of cochlear microphonics and action potentials by KC1 solution and by direct currents","volume":"15","author":"I Tasaki","year":"1952","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(93)90213-K","article-title":"Contralateral auditory stimulation alters acoustic distortion products in humans","volume":"65","author":"A Moulin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-199302000-00002","article-title":"Detection of hearing impairment with the acoustic stapedius reflex","volume":"14","author":"R H Margolis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2009.09.008","article-title":"Wideband acoustic-reflex test in a test battery to predict middle-ear dysfunction","volume":"263","author":"D H Keefe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(93)90254-X","article-title":"Sleep and active cochlear micromechanical properties in human subjects","volume":"66","author":"P Froehlich","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3766\/jaaa.17.1.6","article-title":"Electrocochleography in the evaluation of patients with M\u00e9ni\u00e8re's disease\/endolymphatic hydrops","volume":"17","author":"J A Ferraro","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Acad Audiol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.3109\/00016486009124540","article-title":"Effect on microphonics of acetylcholine injected into the endolymphatic space","volume":"51","author":"L Gisselsson","year":"1960","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1080\/14992020601164162","article-title":"Contralateral suppression of distortion product otoacoustic emissions: effect of the primary frequency in Dpgrams","volume":"46","author":"F Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Audiol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1912579","article-title":"Effects of the electrical stimulation of the crossed olivocochlear bundle on cochlear potentials recorded with intracochlear electrodes in guinea pigs","volume":"49","author":"T Konishi","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3667","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-05-03667.1995","article-title":"A novel cholinergic \u201cslow effect\u201d of efferent stimulation on cochlear potentials in the guinea pig","volume":"15","author":"T S Sridhar","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-017-0621-0","article-title":"Differentiating middle ear and medial olivocochlear effects on transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions","volume":"18","author":"K L Marks","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Assoc Res Otolaryngol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(95)00082-F","article-title":"Binaural noise suppresses linear click-evoked otoacoustic emissions more than ipsilateral or contralateral noise","volume":"87","author":"C I Berlin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-009-0163-1","article-title":"Human medial olivocochlear reflex: effects as functions of contralateral, ipsilateral, and bilateral elicitor bandwidths","volume":"10","author":"W Lilaonitkul","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Assoc Res Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4883361","article-title":"Wideband detection of middle ear muscle activation using swept-tone distortion product otoacoustic emissions","volume":"136","author":"S Henin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(86)90003-1","article-title":"Physiology and anatomy of single olivocochlear neurons in the cat","volume":"24","author":"M C Liberman","year":"1986","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901920411","article-title":"Denervation study of synapses of organ of Corti of old world monkeys","volume":"192","author":"D Bodian","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902540208","article-title":"Olivocochlear neurons in the squirrel monkey brainstem","volume":"254","author":"G C Thompson","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00045.2014","article-title":"Single-unit labeling of medial olivocochlear neurons: the cochlear frequency map for efferent axons","volume":"111","author":"M C Brown","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(85)90046-2","article-title":"Growth of suppression in the cochlear potentials","volume":"18","author":"M A Cheatham","year":"1985","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(82)90032-6","article-title":"Two-tone interactions in the cochlear microphonic","volume":"8","author":"M A Cheatham","year":"1982","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(82)90037-5","article-title":"A comparison of compound action potential and cochlear microphonic two-tone suppression in the guinea pig","volume":"8","author":"M C Remond","year":"1982","journal-title":"Hear Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Academy of Audiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/aaa\/jaaa\/2021\/00000032\/00000006\/art00008","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T08:12:34Z","timestamp":1738829554000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/10.1055\/s-0041-1728649"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]}},"alternative-id":["1050-0545(20210601)32:6L.366;1-"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0041-1728649","relation":{},"ISSN":["1050-0545"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1050-0545"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]}}}