{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T09:19:42Z","timestamp":1780478382467,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Perinatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Objective\u2003The etiology of anemia in premature neonates is multifactorial and may involve anemia of inflammation mediated by hepcidin. Hepcidin expression is suppressed by vitamin D. We aimed to investigate the interrelationship between hepcidin, anemia, and vitamin D status in preterm infants.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Study Design\u2003Preterm infants aged 1 to 5 weeks were prospectively recruited at the neonatal intensive care unit of the Dana Dwek Children Hospital. Blood counts and serum levels of hepcidin, ferritin, iron, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured and compared between anemic and nonanemic preterm infants.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Results\u2003Forty-seven preterm infants (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009standard deviation gestational age at birth 32.8\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1 weeks, 66% males) were recruited. In total, 36% of the preterm infants were vitamin D deficient [25(OH)D\u2009&lt;\u200920\u2009ng\/mL] and 15% were anemic. Hepcidin levels were significantly higher in anemic premature infants than in the nonanemic group (55.3\u2009\u00b1\u200923.9\u2009ng\/mL vs. 30.1\u2009\u00b1\u200916.3\u2009ng\/mL, respectively, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). No differences were found in iron, ferritin, 25(OH)D, and CRP levels between anemic and nonanemic premature newborn infants. A positive correlation was found between hepcidin and ferritin (R\n            2\u2009=\u20090.247, p\u2009=\u20090.02) and a negative correlation was found between 25(OH)D and CRP (R\n            2\u2009=\u20090.1, p\u2009=\u20090.04). No significant correlations were found between 25(OH)D and hepcidin, iron, ferritin, or CRP.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Conclusion\u2003Anemia of prematurity was associated with high hepcidin serum levels. The exact mechanisms leading to anemia and the role of vitamin D warrant further investigation.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n            Key Points\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1729556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T22:52:08Z","timestamp":1620082328000},"page":"508-512","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Anemia, Hepcidin, and Vitamin D in Healthy Preterm Infants: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Yael","family":"Koren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Dana Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronit","family":"Lubetzky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Dana Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dror","family":"Mandel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Dana Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Ovental","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Dana Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varda","family":"Deutsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Laboratories, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Hadanny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Science, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadar","family":"Moran-Lev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Dana Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Dana Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"04","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1047","article-title":"Iron homeostasis in the neonate","volume":"123","author":"K J Collard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2008.10.006","article-title":"Current controversies in the management of the anemia of prematurity","volume":"33","author":"N Bishara","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2008.09.013","article-title":"Iron therapy for preterm infants","volume":"36","author":"R Rao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin 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Ganz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200420945","article-title":"IL-6 mediates hypoferremia of inflammation by inducing the synthesis of the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin","volume":"113","author":"E Nemeth","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0409808102","article-title":"Regulation of hepcidin transcription by interleukin-1 and interleukin-6","volume":"102","author":"P Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"31","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18975","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R115.650150","article-title":"Regulation of iron metabolism by hepcidin under conditions of inflammation","volume":"290","author":"P J Schmidt","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2008.02688.x","article-title":"Serum pro-hepcidin levels in term and preterm newborns with sepsis","volume":"51","author":"E Yapak\u00e7i","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.06.015","article-title":"High-dose vitamin D3 reduces circulating hepcidin concentrations: a pilot, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in healthy adults","volume":"36","author":"E M Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0385","article-title":"Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline","volume":"96","author":"M F Holick","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol 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axis in monocytes","volume":"1","author":"S M Zughaier","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Transl Endocrinol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-018-0005-0","article-title":"The interrelationship between hepcidin, vitamin D, and anemia in children with acute infectious disease","volume":"84","author":"H Moran-Lev","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjz056","article-title":"Vitamin D decreases hepcidin and inflammatory markers in newly diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease paediatric patients: a prospective study","volume":"13","author":"H Moran-Lev","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Crohn's Colitis"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Perinatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0041-1729556.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]],"date-time":"2023-03-21T00:41:51Z","timestamp":1679359311000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0041-1729556"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"05","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0041-1729556","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-1631","1098-8785"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-1631","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-8785","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]]}}}