{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T01:34:11Z","timestamp":1792719251370,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Semin intervent Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a common condition in women that carries with it significant morbidity. It is commonly seen in patients presenting to obstetrics and gynecology outpatient clinic visits. CPP is a presenting symptom of various pathologies including pelvic varicocele, pelvic adhesions, spastic colon syndrome, uterine fibroids, endometriosis, and psychosomatic disorders. Pelvic congestion syndrome has more recently been termed \u201cpelvic venous insufficiency (PVI)\u201d due to the underlying retrograde flow through incompetent ovarian and pelvic veins that are thought to cause the symptoms of CPP. Pelvic varices can commonly present alongside vulvar, perineal, and lower extremity varices. There are some predictable \u201cescape pathways\u201d for these varices that may present for interventional treatment. This article introduces the reader to current terminology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with pelvic varices due to PVI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1729744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,3]],"date-time":"2021-06-03T22:32:58Z","timestamp":1622759578000},"page":"226-232","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Management of Patients when Superficial Venous Disease Arises from Pelvic Escape Points"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Rakesh S.","family":"Ahuja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tushar","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepak","family":"Sudheendra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Radiology and Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania - Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"05","key":"ref1","first-page":"298","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of pelvic pain","volume":"38","author":"E D\u00edaz-Mohedo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Actas Urol Esp"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.938","article-title":"Chronic pelvic pain in women of reproductive and post-reproductive age: a population-based study","volume":"21","author":"A A Ayorinde","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J 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