{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T19:42:47Z","timestamp":1740166967036,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"02","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Introduction\u2003Palatine and pharyngeal tonsils are the first line of defense against pathogens. Clinically, two alterations may require surgical removal of the tonsils: hypertrophy and recurrent tonsillitis. The two conditions probably result from a dysfunction of the immune system.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003To evaluate possible differences in the plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in patients submitted to adenotonsillectomy.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003Prospective, longitudinal study with 25 children undergoing adenotonsillectomy separated into 3 different groups: recurrent tonsillitis (RT), composed of 7 patients; recurrent hypertrophy tonsillitis (RTTH), with 8 patients; and the tonsillar hypertrophy (TH) group, with 10 patients. Ten healthy control children (SD) were also included in the study. Peripheral blood was collected, and plasma was separated to measure the levels of TNF-\u03b1, IL-6, and IL-10. The Mann-Whitney test was used for statistical analysis.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003The plasma level of IL-6 was higher in the RT (p\u2009=\u20090.0394) and TH (p\u2009=\u20090.0009) groups, compared with the control group. The TH group also had higher levels of IL-6 than the RT group (p\u2009=\u20090.039). The IL-6\/IL-10 ratio was higher in the RT (p\u2009=\u20090.029) and TH (p\u2009=\u20090.0005) groups compared with the control group. Between the RT and RTTH groups, the IL-6\/IL-10 ratio was higher in the RT group, with a statistically significant difference (p\u2009=\u20090.0091).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003Patients with a history of chronic tonsillitis had higher levels of IL-6, compared with the control group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T23:08:23Z","timestamp":1629414503000},"page":"e208-e212","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Is There a Difference between the Preoperative and Postoperative Serum Levels of Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-\u03b1 in Children Submitted to Adenotonsillectomy?"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6625-4367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Neto Ribeiro","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Universidade Federal de Goi\u00e1s, Goi\u00e2nia, GO, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5832-7821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda de Oliveira Feitosa","family":"de Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Universidade Federal de Goi\u00e1s, Goi\u00e2nia, GO, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5937-040X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camila Lemes","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Universidade Federal de Goi\u00e1s, Goi\u00e2nia, GO, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3909-1478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikhael Romanholo","family":"El Cheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Universidade Federal de Goi\u00e1s, Goi\u00e2nia, GO, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8952-3235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo Valter Lisboa","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology, Centro de Reabilita\u00e7\u00e3o e Readapta\u00e7\u00e3o Dr. Henrique Santilo (CRER), Goi\u00e2nia, GO, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5126-6306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone Gon\u00e7alves","family":"da Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Universidade Federal de Goi\u00e1s, Goi\u00e2nia, GO, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1256-129X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudiney Candido","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology, Centro de Reabilita\u00e7\u00e3o e Readapta\u00e7\u00e3o Dr. Henrique Santilo (CRER), Goi\u00e2nia, GO, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"05","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2014.135","article-title":"Phenotype and function of nasal dendritic cells","volume":"8","author":"H Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2015.09.008","article-title":"The evolution of nasal immune systems in vertebrates","volume":"69","author":"A Sepahi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(02)00249-5","article-title":"Is immune system influenced by 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