{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T20:16:58Z","timestamp":1778617018478,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"05","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Objective\u2003The aim of this study was to characterize the radiographic alignment of thoracic and pelvic limbs and evaluate for intervertebral disc disease in cats with feline disproportionate dwarfism (FDD).<\/jats:p><jats:p>Study Design\u2003Observational cross-sectional study. Radiographic joint orientation angles were measured in 10 thoracic and pelvic limbs from 5 FDD cats and compared with those angles measured in 24 thoracic limbs and 100 pelvic limbs from skeletally normal cats. Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine was performed in 2 FDD cats for the evaluation of pathology of the intervertebral discs or vertebrae.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Results\u2003All limbs from FDD cats possessed deformities. FDD humeri demonstrated procurvatum proximally, and recurvatum distally in the sagittal plane, but showed no difference in the frontal plane. FDD radii possessed excessive recurvatum proximally, and procurvatum distally in the sagittal plane, and varus proximally and valgus distally in the frontal plane. Whereas no torsion was discernible in the humeri, all radii had external torsion. In the frontal plane, FDD femurs exhibited varus both proximally and distally whereas the tibia possessed proximal valgus and distal varus. No torsion in the pelvic limbs was observed. No spinal pathology was detected in the FDD cats included in the original study.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusion\u2003Feline disproportionate dwarfism results in significant appendicular deformity in all limbs. The incidence of intervertebral disc degeneration in FDD cats is inconclusive.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,3]],"date-time":"2021-06-03T23:24:11Z","timestamp":1622762651000},"page":"327-337","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Skeletal Manifestations of Heritable Disproportionate Dwarfism in Cats as Determined by Radiography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Lisa M.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Derek B.","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kari L.","family":"Chesney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joan R.","family":"Coates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bryan T.","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leslie A.","family":"Lyons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/ort.1952.23.suppl-11.01","article-title":"A pathologic-anatomical study on disc degeneration in dog, with special reference to the so-called enchondrosis intervertebralis","volume":"11","author":"H J Hansen","year":"1952","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand Suppl"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.3109\/17453675108991175","article-title":"A pathologic-anatomical interpretation of disc degeneration in dogs","volume":"20","author":"H J Hansen","year":"1951","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1173275","article-title":"An 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