{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T20:59:42Z","timestamp":1790456382149,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,19]],"date-time":"2021-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":169,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/CC BY-NC-ND\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Hand and Microsurgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]],"date-time":"2021-09-14T19:06:39Z","timestamp":1631646399000},"page":"123-131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Distal Radioulnar Joint Instability and Associated Injuries: A Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Sohail","family":"Qazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Regal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon E.","family":"Hammarstedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e31828e18a2","article-title":"The effect of acute distal radioulnar joint laxity on outcome after volar plate fixation of distal radius fractures","volume":"27","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200007000-00031","article-title":"Distal radioulnar instability is an independent worsening factor in distal radial fractures","volume":"376","author":"Lindau","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"02","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-015-0627-4","article-title":"Clinical DRUJ instability does not influence the long-term functional outcome of conservatively treated distal radius fractures","volume":"43","author":"Wijffels","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib004","series-title":"Green\u2019s Operative Hand Surgery: Expert Consult: Online and Print","author":"Wolfe","year":"2010"},{"issue":"04","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2010.05.009","article-title":"Acute dislocations of the distal radioulnar joint and distal ulna fractures","volume":"26","author":"Carlsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198407000-00005","article-title":"Biomechanics of the distal radioulnar joint","volume":"187","author":"Palmer","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"01","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib007","first-page":"17","article-title":"Anatomical studies on the geometry and stability of the distal radio ulnar joint","volume":"19","author":"Af Ekenstam","year":"1985","journal-title":"Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"05","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(96)80136-7","article-title":"A cadaveric study of the anatomy and stability of the distal radioulnar joint in the coronal and transverse planes","volume":"21","author":"Tolat","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Br]"},{"issue":"04","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.2000.9418","article-title":"The dorsopalmar stability of the distal radioulnar joint","volume":"25","author":"Stuart","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"03","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2004.01.020","article-title":"Soft-tissue stabilizers of the distal radioulnar joint: an in vitro kinematic study","volume":"29","author":"Gofton","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"06","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(05)80139-X","article-title":"The stabilizing mechanism of the distal radioulnar joint during pronation and supination","volume":"20","author":"Kihara","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"02","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(81)80170-0","article-title":"The triangular fibrocartilage complex of the wrist-anatomy and function","volume":"6","author":"Palmer","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"02","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.2000.jhsu25a0341","article-title":"The role of the distal radioulnar ligaments, interosseous membrane, and joint capsule in distal radioulnar joint stability","volume":"25","author":"Ward","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199202000-00004","article-title":"Anatomy of the distal radioulnar joint","volume":"275","author":"af Ekenstam","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"06","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(10)80075-9","article-title":"The distal radioulnar ligaments: a biomechanical study","volume":"16","author":"Schuind","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199202000-00018","article-title":"Stabilization of the distal ulna by transfer of the pronator quadratus origin","volume":"275","author":"Johnson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"03","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(76)80039-1","article-title":"The pronator quadratus in motions and in stabilization of the radius and ulna at the distal radioulnar joint","volume":"1","author":"Johnson","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"06","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(96)80175-6","article-title":"Pronator quadratus revisited","volume":"21","author":"Stuart","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Br]"},{"issue":"04","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2009.01.015","article-title":"Interosseous membrane of the forearm: length change of ligaments during forearm rotation","volume":"34","author":"Moritomo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"06","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2005.06.013","article-title":"Contribution of the interosseous membrane to distal radioulnar joint constraint","volume":"30","author":"Watanabe","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"04","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2004.12.008","article-title":"Comparison of distal radioulnar joint reconstructions using an active joint motion simulator","volume":"30","author":"Gofton","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0022","first-page":"79","article-title":"Distal radioulnar joint instability","volume":"56","author":"Szabo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Instr Course Lect"},{"key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0023","unstructured":"JA Neumann DT Kirkendall III CTM. Sports Medicine for the Orthopedic Resident. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Company 2016."},{"issue":"03","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.4055\/cios.2009.1.3.138","article-title":"Anatomic reconstruction of the distal radioulnar ligament for posttraumatic distal radioulnar joint instability","volume":"1","author":"Seo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2007.01.022","article-title":"The \u201culnar fovea sign\u201d for defining ulnar wrist pain: an analysis of sensitivity and specificity","volume":"32","author":"Tay","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"02","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)01079-9","article-title":"The ulnar impaction syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Friedman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"issue":"06","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(97)80432-9","article-title":"The ulnocarpal stress test in the diagnosis of ulnar-sided wrist pain","volume":"22","author":"Nakamura","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Br]"},{"issue":"01","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199507000-00009","article-title":"\u201cPress test\u201d for office diagnosis of triangular fibrocartilage complex tears of the wrist","volume":"35","author":"Lester","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"09","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2008.08.026","article-title":"Ulnar-sided wrist pain: evaluation and treatment of triangular fibrocartilage complex tears, ulnocarpal impaction syndrome, and lunotriquetral ligament tears","volume":"33","author":"Sachar","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-013-1814-6","article-title":"Bilateral test for potential subluxation of the DRUJ","volume":"133","author":"Hahn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198567020-00010","article-title":"Radiography and computerized tomography in the diagnosis of incongruity of the distal radio-ulnar joint. A prospective study","volume":"67","author":"Mino","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"03","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.205.3.9393549","article-title":"Scaphopisocapitate alignment: criterion to establish a neutral lateral view of the wrist","volume":"205","author":"Yang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"02","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.2001.22908","article-title":"The radioulnar ratio: a new method of quantifying distal radioulnar joint subluxation","volume":"26","author":"Lo","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"01","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.F.01603","article-title":"Reliability and normal values of various computed tomography methods for quantifying distal radioulnar joint translation","volume":"90","author":"Park","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"03","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.323115741","article-title":"Current perspectives on the advantages of 3-T MR imaging of the wrist","volume":"32","author":"Chhabra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"01","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.15.14948","article-title":"Wrist traction during MR arthrography improves detection of triangular fibrocartilage complex and intrinsic ligament tears and visibility of articular cartilage","volume":"206","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199202000-00014","article-title":"Complex dislocations of the distal radioulnar joint. Recognition and management","volume":"275","author":"Bruckner","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"04","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199012000-00017","article-title":"Dorsal dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint secondary to plastic deformation of the ulna","volume":"4","author":"Albert","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198809000-00012","article-title":"Irreducible fracture-dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint secondary to entrapment of the extensor carpi ulnaris tendon","volume":"234","author":"Hanel","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.42B3.515","article-title":"Anterior dislocation of the ulna at the inferior radio-ulnar joint. Case report, with a discussion of the anatomy of rotation of the forearm","volume":"42-B","author":"Rose-Innes","year":"1960","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"03","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)01154-9","article-title":"Fractures and dislocations of the distal radioulnar joint","volume":"4","author":"Buterbaugh","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"issue":"03","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(82)80171-8","article-title":"Ulnotriquetral augmentation tenodesis: a reconstructive procedure for dorsal subluxation of the distal radioulnar joint","volume":"7","author":"Hui","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196244070-00011","article-title":"Isolated traumatic dislocation of the distal end of the ulna or distal radio-ulnar joint","volume":"44-A","author":"Heiple","year":"1962","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"03","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199603000-00006","article-title":"Intracarpal soft-tissue lesions associated with an intra-articular fracture of the distal end of the radius","volume":"78","author":"Geissler","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"03","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.2000.6467","article-title":"Peripheral tears of the triangular fibrocartilage complex cause distal radioulnar joint instability after distal radial fractures","volume":"25","author":"Lindau","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"06","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.36525","article-title":"Ulnar styloid fractures associated with distal radius fractures: incidence and implications for distal radioulnar joint instability","volume":"27","author":"May","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197910000-00026","article-title":"Dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint: anatomy and clues to prompt diagnosis","volume":"144","author":"Morrissy","year":"1979","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199202000-00010","article-title":"Traumatic disruption of the triangular fibrocartilage complex. Pathoanatomy","volume":"275","author":"Melone","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"01","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.75B1.8421035","article-title":"The distal radio-ulnar joint in Colles\u2019 fractures","volume":"75","author":"Roysam","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"04","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(98)80134-4","article-title":"The importance of the distal radioulnar joint in distal radial fractures","volume":"23","author":"Stoffelen","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Br]"},{"issue":"05","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5413.101031","article-title":"Distal radioulnar joint injuries","volume":"46","author":"Thomas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Orthop"},{"key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0052","first-page":"108","article-title":"Fracture of the distal radius including sequelae-shoulder-hand-finger syndrome, disturbance in the distal radio-ulnar joint and impairment of nerve function. A clinical and experimental study","author":"Frykman","year":"1967","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"issue":"02","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(05)80033-4","article-title":"Treatment of acute injuries of the triangular fibrocartilage complex associated with distal radioulnar joint instability","volume":"20","author":"Mikic","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"02","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(98)80168-X","article-title":"Ulnar styloid malunion with dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint","volume":"23","author":"Nakamura","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Hand Surg [Br]"},{"issue":"02","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(96)80099-2","article-title":"Triangular fibrocartilage injury: a laboratory model","volume":"21","author":"Adams","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0056","unstructured":"Galeazzi R. Di una particolare sindrome traumatica dello scheletro dell\u2019 avambraccio. Atti e memorie della Societ\u00e0 lombarda di chirurgia 1934;2:663\u2013666. Available at: https:\/\/ci.nii.ac.jp\/naid\/10016117871\/. Last accessed on May 20, 2021"},{"issue":"02","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.2001.21523","article-title":"Galeazzi fracture-dislocation: a new treatment-oriented classification","volume":"26","author":"Rettig","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"03","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(81)80081-0","article-title":"Irreducible distal radioulnar joint occurring in a Galeazzi fracture - case report","volume":"6","author":"Alexander","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"01","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(77)90053-5","article-title":"An unusual cause of blocked reduction of the Galeazzi injury","volume":"9","author":"Cetti","year":"1977","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"04","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(87)80203-4","article-title":"Extensor tendon involvement in Smith\u2019s and Galeazzi\u2019s fractures","volume":"12","author":"Itoh","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"01","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(87)90384-6","article-title":"Irreducible dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint","volume":"18","author":"Jenkins","year":"1987","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"04","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0062","first-page":"228","article-title":"Irreducible dislocation of distal radial ulnar joint","volume":"15","author":"Paley","year":"1986","journal-title":"Orthop Rev"},{"issue":"02","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2007.03.004","article-title":"Galeazzi fractures and dislocations","volume":"23","author":"Giannoulis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"issue":"02","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.33B2.244","article-title":"Fractures of the radial head with distal radio-ulnar dislocation; report of two cases","volume":"33B","author":"Essex-Lopresti","year":"1951","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198809000-00013","article-title":"Radial head fractures with acute distal radioulnar dislocation. Essex-Lopresti revisited","volume":"234","author":"Edwards","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199274100-00007","article-title":"Radio-ulnar dissociation. A review of twenty cases","volume":"74","author":"Trousdale","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"09","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199274090-00018","article-title":"A normal data base of posteroanterior roentgenographic measurements of the wrist","volume":"74","author":"Schuind","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730886_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200211000-00010","article-title":"Radius pull test: predictor of longitudinal forearm instability","volume":"84","author":"Smith","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"}],"container-title":["Journal of Hand and Microsurgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0974322724002734?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0974322724002734?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0041-1730886.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T06:11:19Z","timestamp":1760854279000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0974322724002734"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"alternative-id":["S0974322724002734"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0041-1730886","relation":{},"ISSN":["0974-3227"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0974-3227","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Distal Radioulnar Joint Instability and Associated Injuries: A Literature Review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Hand and Microsurgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0041-1730886","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 THE AUTHORS. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. on behalf of Society for Indian Hand Surgery and Micro Surgeons.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}