{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:04:36Z","timestamp":1790777076230,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Semin Musculoskelet Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Osteoarthritis, characterized by the breakdown of articular cartilage and other joint structures, is one of the most prevalent and disabling chronic diseases in the United States. Magnetic resonance imaging is a commonly used imaging modality to evaluate patients with joint pain. Both two-dimensional fast spin-echo sequences (2D-FSE) and three-dimensional (3D) sequences are used in clinical practice to evaluate articular cartilage. The 3D sequences have many advantages compared with 2D-FSE sequences, such as their high in-plane spatial resolution, thin continuous slices that reduce the effects of partial volume averaging, and ability to create multiplanar reformat images following a single acquisition. This article reviews the different 3D imaging techniques available for evaluating cartilage morphology, illustrates the strengths and weaknesses of 3D approaches compared with 2D-FSE approaches for cartilage imaging, and summarizes the diagnostic performance of 2D-FSE and 3D sequences for detecting cartilage lesions within the knee and hip joints.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]],"date-time":"2021-09-21T22:37:00Z","timestamp":1632263820000},"page":"397-408","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["3D MRI of Articular Cartilage"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Richard","family":"Kijowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"08","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199808)41:8<1343::AID-ART3>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"An update on the epidemiology of knee and hip osteoarthritis with a view to prevention","volume":"41","author":"D T Felson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-8389(03)00161-1","article-title":"An update on the pathogenesis and epidemiology of osteoarthritis","volume":"42","author":"D T Felson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.07.012","article-title":"Identifying and treating preclinical and early osteoarthritis","volume":"40","author":"D T Felson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199809000-00005","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of articular cartilage in the knee. 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