{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:05:33Z","timestamp":1760123133044},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Semin Respir Crit Care Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The respiratory system is constantly exposed to external pathogens but has different and effective defense systems. The pathophysiology of bronchiectasis affects the defense system considerably in that alterations occur in the airway that reduce its effectiveness in mucociliary clearance and the greater presence of mucins leads to the accumulation of more adherent and viscous mucus. One of the pillars of treatment of this disease should be improvement of mucociliary clearance and a decrease in the adherence and viscosity of the mucus. To this end, the mobilization of secretions must be increased through effective respiratory physiotherapy techniques, which can be manual and\/or instrumental. The properties of mucus can be modified to improve its mobilization through the use of a mucoactive agent. Despite the increase in the number and quality of studies, the evidence for these treatments remains scarce, although their application is recommended in all guidelines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1730922","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]],"date-time":"2021-07-14T22:34:05Z","timestamp":1626302045000},"page":"616-622","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Airway Clearance and Mucoactive Therapies"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Gerard","family":"Mu\u00f1oz Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pneumology, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain"},{"name":"Bronchiectasis Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Girona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, EUSES & ENTI, University of Girona and University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Bala\u00f1\u00e1 Corber\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pneumology, Hospital del Mar-Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Myogenesis, Inflammation and Muscle Function\u2014IMIM, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, EUIFN Blanquerna URL Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"05","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0215217","article-title":"Mucus clearance as a primary innate defense mechanism for mammalian airways","volume":"109","author":"M R Knowles","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"23","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0910061","article-title":"Airway mucus function and dysfunction","volume":"363","author":"J V Fahy","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.2306015","article-title":"Submucosal glands and airway defense","volume":"1","author":"J J Wine","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200603-310OC","article-title":"Characterizing mucous cell remodeling in cystic fibrosis: relationship to neutrophils","volume":"174","author":"S R Hays","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.15.2.132","article-title":"Measurement of the bronchial mucous gland layer: a diagnostic yardstick in chronic bronchitis","volume":"15","author":"L Reid","year":"1960","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"S 185","key":"ref6","first-page":"3","article-title":"Development of the tracheal glands in man. 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