{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T10:41:12Z","timestamp":1772102472029,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Semin intervent Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Biliary strictures can be a challenging clinical problem to manage and often have unclear etiologies, including benign and malignant causes. Left untreated, these problems can lead to significant morbidity and mortality linked to their underlying diagnosis. The approach to adult patients with biliary strictures requires a multidisciplinary team involving surgeons, interventional endoscopists, and interventional radiologists for diagnosis, symptom relief, palliation, as well as potential curative management. From a surgeon's perspective, there are many ways to classify and approach these strictures. It is of paramount importance to start with an excellent understanding of the patient's prior surgical history. In approaching a patient with a new diagnosis of biliary stricture, it is also critical to understand its etiology relatively quickly, as 70% are malignant in the adult population. Concurrently, one must clearly define the location and extent of the stricture: intrahepatic, hilar, or distal extrahepatic bile duct, as well as whether it is a singular lesion or multifocal phenotypes. This information provides a path forward in clinical decision-making regarding durability and efficacy of therapy, which is typically aimed at decompression and\/or surgical resection to prevent cholangitis, sepsis, and progressive hepatic insufficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1731267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T22:42:22Z","timestamp":1628635342000},"page":"273-279","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Biliary Strictures: A Surgeon's Perspective for Interventional Radiologists"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Nitin","family":"Katariya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Transplant, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School Medicine, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amit K.","family":"Mathur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Alix School of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"06","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3182745d9f","article-title":"Patients with obstructive jaundice and biliary stricture \u2009\u00b1\u2009mass lesion on imaging: prevalence of malignancy and potential role of EUS-FNA","volume":"47","author":"P Tummala","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref2","author":"W Jarnagin","year":"2017","edition":". 6th ed."},{"issue":"04","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1592325","article-title":"Benign biliary strictures","volume":"33","author":"A Altman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Intervent Radiol"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2180","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.02.040","article-title":"A multivariable model using advanced cytologic methods for the evaluation of indeterminate pancreatobiliary strictures","volume":"136","author":"E G Fritcher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl14243","article-title":"A comparison of preoperative biliary drainage methods for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: endoscopic versus percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage","volume":"9","author":"K M Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2002.124206","article-title":"A prospective comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of ERCP, MRCP, CT, and EUS in biliary strictures","volume":"55","author":"T R\u00f6sch","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2013.06.028","article-title":"Sensitivity of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography standard cytology: 10-y review of the literature","volume":"184","author":"A S Burnett","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2020.06.011","article-title":"Percutaneous access of the modified Hutson loop for retrograde cholangiography, endoscopy, and biliary interventions","volume":"31","author":"A Riaz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2019.01.010","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality after major liver resection in patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"165","author":"L C Franken","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0903230","article-title":"Preoperative biliary drainage for cancer of the head of the pancreas","volume":"362","author":"N A van der Gaag","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"16","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.02274","article-title":"Preoperative chemoradiotherapy versus immediate surgery for resectable and borderline resectable pancreatic cancer: results of the dutch randomized phase III PREOPANC trial","volume":"38","author":"E Versteijne","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2016.04.039","article-title":"ERCP tissue sampling","volume":"84","author":"P Korc","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2004.30281.x","article-title":"A comparison of routine cytology and fluorescence in situ hybridization for the detection of malignant bile duct strictures","volume":"99","author":"B R Kipp","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2016.01.060","article-title":"Preoperative cholangitis and future liver remnant volume determine the risk of liver failure in patients undergoing resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"223","author":"D Ribero","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-828896","article-title":"Liver transplantation for unresectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"24","author":"J K Heimbach","year":"2004","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"issue":"07","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1477-2574.2012.00481.x","article-title":"Focal intrahepatic strictures: a review of diagnosis and management","volume":"14","author":"D Yeo","year":"2012","journal-title":"HPB (Oxford)"},{"issue":"23","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5902","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v8.i23.5902","article-title":"Focal intrahepatic strictures: a proposal classification based on diagnosis-treatment experience and systemic review","volume":"8","author":"D Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.5946\/ce.2016.023","article-title":"Current status of biliary metal stents","volume":"49","author":"H S Nam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Endosc"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21509","article-title":"Biliary strictures following liver transplantation: past, present and preventive strategies","volume":"14","author":"S Sharma","year":"2008","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2013.601","article-title":"Hepaticojejunostomy using short-limb Roux-en-Y reconstruction","volume":"148","author":"S I Felder","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2012.10.015","article-title":"A multicenter, U.S. experience of single-balloon, double-balloon, and rotational overtube-assisted enteroscopy ERCP in patients with surgically altered pancreaticobiliary anatomy (with video)","volume":"77","author":"R J Shah","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-008-9885-1","article-title":"Choledochoduodenostomy is a safe alternative to Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy for biliary reconstruction in liver transplantation","volume":"33","author":"W Bennet","year":"2009","journal-title":"World J Surg"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Interventional Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0041-1731267.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T22:44:09Z","timestamp":1628635449000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0041-1731267"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"03","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0041-1731267","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0739-9529","1098-8963"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0739-9529","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-8963","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}}}