{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T01:41:23Z","timestamp":1780105283643,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Semin intervent Radiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acute cholangitis presents with a wide severity spectrum and can rapidly deteriorate from local infection to multiorgan failure and fatal sepsis. The pathophysiology, diagnosis, and general management principles will be discussed in this review article. The focus of this article will be on the role of biliary drainage performed by interventional radiology to manage acute cholangitis. There are specific scenarios where percutaneous drainage should be preferred over endoscopic drainage. Percutaneous transhepatic and transjejunal biliary drainage are both options available to interventional radiology. Additionally, interventional radiology is now able to manage these patients beyond providing acute biliary drainage including cholangioplasty, stenting, and percutaneous cholangioscopy\/biopsy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1731370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T22:42:22Z","timestamp":1628635342000},"page":"321-329","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Role of Interventional Radiology in the Management of Acute Cholangitis"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Pouya","family":"Entezari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan A.","family":"Aguiar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riad","family":"Salem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahsun","family":"Riaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"05","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1007\/s00534-012-0537-3","article-title":"New diagnostic criteria and severity assessment of acute cholangitis in revised Tokyo Guidelines","volume":"19","author":"S Kiriyama","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/s00534-006-1156-7","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria and severity assessment of acute cholangitis: Tokyo Guidelines","volume":"14","author":"K Wada","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1007\/s00534-006-1158-5","article-title":"Methods and timing of biliary drainage for acute cholangitis: Tokyo Guidelines","volume":"14","author":"M Nagino","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s00534-012-0561-3","article-title":"TG13 guidelines for diagnosis and severity grading of acute cholangitis (with videos)","volume":"20","author":"S Kiriyama","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.03.029","article-title":"Delayed and unsuccessful endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography are associated with worse outcomes in patients with acute cholangitis","volume":"10","author":"M A Khashab","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/S1499-3872(16)60130-3","article-title":"Urgent ERCP for acute cholangitis reduces mortality and hospital stay in elderly and very elderly patients","volume":"15","author":"C S Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s00534-006-1152-y","article-title":"Definitions, pathophysiology, and epidemiology of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis: Tokyo Guidelines","volume":"14","author":"Y Kimura","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviscsurg.2019.05.007","article-title":"Acute cholangitis: diagnosis and management","volume":"156","author":"A Sokal","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Visc Surg"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198904000-00008","article-title":"Acute cholangitis. 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