{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T22:37:14Z","timestamp":1768516634218,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Academy of Audiology","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["j am acad audiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Abstract<\/jats:bold>  <jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>\u2003A frequent concern surrounding amplification with hearing aids for patients with sensorineural hearing loss is whether these devices negatively affect hearing ability. To date, there have been few studies examining the long-term effects of\n amplification on audiometric outcomes in adults. <jats:bold>Purpose<\/jats:bold>\u2003In the present study, we examined how hearing aids affect standard audiometric outcomes over long-term periods of follow-up. <jats:bold>Research Design<\/jats:bold>\u2003We retrospectively collected audiometric data in adults with\n sensorineural hearing loss, constructing a model of long-term outcomes. <jats:bold>Study Sample<\/jats:bold>\u2003This retrospective cohort study included 802 ears from 401 adult patients with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss eligible for amplification with hearing aids at a single institution.\n <jats:bold>Intervention<\/jats:bold>\u2003Of the eligible patients, 88 were aided bilaterally, and 313 were unaided. <jats:bold>Data Collection and Analysis<\/jats:bold>\u2003We examined the standard three-frequency pure-tone average (PTA<jats:sub>3-Freq<\/jats:sub>), a novel extended pure-tone average (PTA<jats:sub>Ext<\/jats:sub>), and word\n recognition score (WRS) per-ear at each encounter. We then modeled the association between the use of hearing aids for 5 years and these audiometric outcomes using targeted maximum likelihood estimation. <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2003In comparing aided and unaided ears at the end of 5 years, there\n were discernible effects for all measurements. The PTA<jats:sub>3-Freq<\/jats:sub> was 5\u2009dB greater in aided ears (95% CI: 1.37\u20108.64, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.007), WRS was 4.5 percentage points lower in aided ears (95% CI: \u22129.14 to 0.15, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.058), and PTA<jats:sub>Ext<\/jats:sub>\n was 5\u2009dB greater in aided ears (95% CI: 2.18\u20107.82, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), adjusting for measured confounders. <jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>\u2003Our analysis revealed discernible effects of 5 years of hearing aid use on hearing ability, specifically as measured by the PTA<jats:sub>3-Freq<\/jats:sub>,\n novel PTA<jats:sub>Ext<\/jats:sub>, and WRS, suggesting a greater decline in hearing ability in patients using hearing aids. Future studies are needed to examine these effects between treatment groups over longer periods of time and in more heterogeneous populations to improve clinical practice guidelines\n and safety of both prescriptive fitting nonprescriptive amplification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1731592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,3]],"date-time":"2021-06-03T23:28:19Z","timestamp":1622762899000},"page":"374-378","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Long-Term Effects of Hearing Aids on Hearing Ability in Patients with Sensorineural Hearing Loss"],"prefix":"10.3766","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Anurag R.","family":"Goel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Cornell School of Medicine, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haley A.","family":"Bruce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Alexiades","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2087","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S17","DOI":"10.3109\/14992020309074639","article-title":"Negative consequences of uncorrected hearing loss\u2014a review","volume":"42","author":"S Arlinger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Audiol"},{"issue":"S 02","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S256","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnw033","article-title":"Aging and hearing health: the life-course approach","volume":"56","author":"A Davis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.3109\/14992027.2015.1059503","article-title":"Hearing-aid use and long-term health outcomes: hearing handicap, mental health, social engagement, cognitive function, physical health, and mortality","volume":"54","author":"P Dawes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Audiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1988.tb04363.x","article-title":"Hearing impairment as a predictor of cognitive decline in dementia","volume":"36","author":"C A Peters","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.3766\/jaaa.18.2.7","article-title":"A systematic review of health-related quality of life and hearing aids: final report of the American Academy of Audiology Task Force On the Health-Related Quality of Life Benefits of Amplification in Adults","volume":"18","author":"T H Chisolm","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Acad Audiol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(05)70093-6","article-title":"Hearing aids","volume":"83","author":"A J Klein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"CD012023","article-title":"Hearing aids for mild to moderate hearing loss in adults","volume":"9","author":"M A Ferguson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1748328","article-title":"Dimensions of hearing aid outcome","volume":"10","author":"L E Humes","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Acad Audiol"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.3109\/14992027.2013.851799","article-title":"The ICF Core Sets for hearing loss--researcher perspective. 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