{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T13:30:53Z","timestamp":1777901453070,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Thromb Haemost"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Background\u2003Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are the main driver of neointima formation and restenosis following vascular injury. In animal models, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) accelerate endothelial regeneration and reduce neointima formation after arterial injury; however, EPC-capture stents do not reduce target vessel failure compared with conventional stents. Here we examined the influence of EPCs on features of SMCs pivotal for their impact on injury-induced neointima formation including proliferation, migration, and phenotype switch.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods and Results\u2003EPCs, their conditioned medium, and EPC-derived microparticles induced proliferation of SMCs while limiting their apoptosis. In transwell membrane experiments and scratch assays, EPCs stimulated migration of SMCs and accelerated their recovery from scratch-induced injury. Treatment of SMCs with an EPC-derived conditioned medium or microparticles triggered transformation of SMCs toward a synthetic phenotype. However, co-cultivation of EPCs and SMCs enabling direct cell\u2013cell contacts preserved their original phenotype and protected from the transformative effect of SMC cholesterol loading. Adhesion of EPCs to SMCs was stimulated by SMC injury and reduced by blocking CXCR2 and CCR5. Interaction of EPCs with SMCs modulated their secretory products and synergistically increased the release of selected chemokines. Following carotid wire injury in athymic mice, injection of EPCs resulted not only in reduced neointima formation but also in altered cellular composition of the neointima with augmented accumulation of SMCs.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003EPCs stimulate proliferation and migration of SMCs and increase their neointimal accumulation following vascular injury. Furthermore, EPCs context-dependently modify the SMC phenotype with protection from the transformative effect of cholesterol when a direct cell\u2013cell contact is established.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1731663","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]],"date-time":"2021-07-02T23:57:18Z","timestamp":1625270238000},"page":"456-469","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Endothelial Progenitor Cells Modulate the Phenotype of Smooth Muscle Cells and Increase Their Neointimal Accumulation Following Vascular Injury"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Sebastian F.","family":"Mause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Ritzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annika","family":"Deck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Vogt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisa A.","family":"Liehn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"07","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(90)92845-S","article-title":"Syndromes of accelerated atherosclerosis: role of vascular injury and smooth muscle cell proliferation","volume":"15","author":"J H Ip","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"13","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1607991","article-title":"Drug-eluting or bare-metal stents for coronary artery disease","volume":"375","author":"K H B\u00f8naa","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31927-X","article-title":"Coronary balloon angioplasty, stents, and scaffolds","volume":"390","author":"R A 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HARMONEE) study: primary results of the pivotal registration study of combined endothelial progenitor cell capture and drug-eluting stent in patients with ischaemic coronary disease and non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome","volume":"39","author":"S Saito","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2016.11.040","article-title":"The REMEDEE-OCT study: an evaluation of the bioengineered COMBO dual-therapy CD34 antibody-covered sirolimus-eluting coronary stent compared with a cobalt-chromium everolimus-eluting stent in patients with acute coronary syndromes: insights from optical coherence tomography imaging analysis","volume":"10","author":"M Jaguszewski","year":"2017","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"}],"container-title":["Thrombosis and 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