{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T19:42:55Z","timestamp":1740166975881,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"04","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]],"date-time":"2022-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          Introduction\u2003The endoscopic anatomy of the middle ear (ME) and of the external acoustic meatus (EAM) has been described in cadavers, in fresh temporal bones, or in vivo using conventional video recording, but not in dry bones or using an alternative inspection and recording technique.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Objective\u2003To study the anatomy of the ME and of the EAM in dry temporal bones using a smartphone-endoscope system.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Methods\u2003The EAM and the ME were studied in dry temporal bones using an endoscopic transcanal approach with a telescope connected to a smartphone (M-scope mobile endoscope app and adaptador, GBEF Telefonia, S\u00e3o Paulo, SP, Brazil).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Results\u2003Out of 50 specimens, 2 had exostosis of the EAM and 3 contained remains of the tympanic membrane. The anterior wall of the EAM was prominent in 10\/48 specimens (20.8%). Ossicles were seen in 13\/45 (28.8%), stapes at the oval window were seen in 12\/45 (26.6%), and the incus was seen in 1\/45 (2.2%) specimens. The facial canal was open and protruding in 15\/45 (33.3%) and in 7\/45 (15.5%) specimens, respectively. Of the 45 MEs evaluated, type A was predominant for finiculus (93.3%), subiculum (100%), and ponticulus (95.6%). The rest were type B. None was classified as type C. According to its position in relation to the round window, the fustis was classified into type A (68.9%) or B (31.1%). The pyramidal eminence, the bony portion of the Eustachian tube, the semicanal of the tensor tympani muscle, and the cochleariform process were visualized completely or partially in all cases.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          Conclusion\u2003The use of a smartphone-based endoscopic transcanal procedure in dry temporal bones allowed the evaluation of anatomical variations in the EAM and in the ME.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1731813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]],"date-time":"2022-03-09T00:12:18Z","timestamp":1646784738000},"page":"e661-e665","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Endoscopic Anatomy of the External Acoustic Meatus and of the Middle Ear in Dry Temporal Bones: A Study Conducted Using Digital and Mobile Device Technology"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4297-5562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando P.","family":"Gaspar-Sobrinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1381-4014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aline L. S.","family":"Trzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7546-3753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra de Q.","family":"Uzeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9507-9062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joao Flavio","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences Center, Universidade Estadual do Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"01","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2018.10.002","article-title":"Endoscopic evaluation of middle ear anatomic variations in autopsy series: analyses of 204 ears","volume":"86","author":"B \u015eahin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Braz J Otorhinolaryngol (Engl Ed)"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.14639\/0392-100X-2388","article-title":"The endoscopic anatomy of the cochlear hook region and fustis: surgical implications","volume":"39","author":"L Anschuetz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.11.JNS15952","article-title":"Exclusive endoscopic transcanal transpromontorial approach: a new perspective for internal auditory canal vestibular schwannoma treatment","volume":"126","author":"D Marchioni","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"volume-title":"Endoscopic ear surgery","year":"2014","author":"N Pollak","key":"ref4"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2929.2006.02401.x","article-title":"Anatomy teaching: ghosts of the past, present and future","volume":"40","author":"J C McLachlan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med Educ"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.6.JNS1712","article-title":"Smartphone-assisted minimally invasive neurosurgery","volume":"130","author":"M Mandel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1080\/17434440.2017.1386548","article-title":"endoscope-i: an innovation in mobile endoscopic technology transforming the delivery of patient care in otolaryngology","volume":"14","author":"N Mistry","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Rev Med Devices"},{"issue":"06","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mao.0000194887.59270.7d","article-title":"The ponticulus: an anatomic study","volume":"26","author":"J J Holt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-014-2923-8","article-title":"The round window region and contiguous areas: endoscopic anatomy and surgical implications","volume":"272","author":"D Marchioni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-019-02347-z","article-title":"Anatomic variability of oval window as pertaining to stapes surgery","volume":"42","author":"A Singal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"issue":"09","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-016-1662-5","article-title":"Round window chamber and fustis: endoscopic anatomy and surgical implications","volume":"38","author":"D Marchioni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-017-4492-0","article-title":"The variants of the retro- and hypotympanum: an endoscopic anatomical study","volume":"274","author":"M Bonali","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"01","key":"ref13","first-page":"61","article-title":"The recesses of the retro-tympanum","volume":"51","author":"A C Chei\u0163\u0103","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rom J Morphol Embryol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2018.03.005","article-title":"Association between facial nerve second genu angle and facial canal dehiscence in patients with cholesteatoma: evaluation with temporal multidetector computed tomography and surgical findings","volume":"85","author":"A Tanrivermi\u015e Sayit","year":"2019","journal-title":"Braz J Otorhinolaryngol (Engl Ed)"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref15","first-page":"14","article-title":"[Benefits of otoscopy in forensic autopsy practice: A prospective study]","volume":"61","author":"\u0160 Ku\u010derov\u00e1","year":"2016","journal-title":"Soud Lek"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"22","article-title":"Otology and paleopathology in ancient Egypt","volume":"3","author":"A Mudry","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Int Adv Otol"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref17","first-page":"122","article-title":"Stapes fixation with cyanoacrilate ester - a model for stapedotomy training","volume":"4","author":"J H Pierre","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"S 05","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25203","article-title":"Endoscopic transcanal corridors to the lateral skull base: Initial experiences","volume":"125","author":"D Marchioni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2012.10.005","article-title":"Instrumentation and technologies in endoscopic ear surgery","volume":"46","author":"M Badr-El-Dine","year":"2013","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"04","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599816650637","article-title":"Mobile endoscopy vs video tower: a prospective comparison of video quality and diagnostic accuracy","volume":"155","author":"H Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"}],"container-title":["International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.1055\/s-0041-1731813.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T01:04:06Z","timestamp":1668647046000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/DOI\/DOI?10.1055\/s-0041-1731813"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0041-1731813","archive":["Portico","CLOCKSS"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1809-9777","1809-4864"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1809-9777"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1809-4864"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]]}}}