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In particular, real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow and detailed insights into brain water regulation on the molecular scale indicate the existence of at least three main mechanisms that determine the dynamics of neurofluids: (1) inspiration is a major driving force; (2) adequate filling of brain ventricles by balanced CSF upsurge is sensed by cilia; and (3) the perivascular glial network connects the ependymal surface to the pericapillary Virchow\u2013Robin spaces. Hitherto, these aspects have not been considered a common physiologic framework, improving knowledge and therapy for severe disorders of normal-pressure and posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus, spontaneous intracranial hypotension, and spaceflight disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1731981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T19:00:59Z","timestamp":1625079659000},"page":"233-241","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Hydrocephalus Revisited: New Insights into Dynamics of Neurofluids on Macro- and Microscales"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8744-9510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans C.","family":"Ludwig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6656-6053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans C.","family":"Bock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4108-7109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jutta","family":"G\u00e4rtner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stina","family":"Schiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8279-884X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens","family":"Frahm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical NMR, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4951-3176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steffi","family":"Dreha-Kulaczewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0204926","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204926","article-title":"Age-specific global epidemiology of hydrocephalus: systematic review, metanalysis and global birth surveillance","volume":"13","author":"A M Isaacs","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Global hydrocephalus epidemiology and incidence: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"M C Dewan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"08","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2017.01.013","article-title":"Mortality and risk of dementia in normal-pressure hydrocephalus: a population study","volume":"13","author":"D Jaraj","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"02","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-191908000-00001","article-title":"Experimental hydrocephalus","volume":"70","author":"W E Dandy","year":"1919","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"05","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00596493","article-title":"Pulsatile brain movement and associated hydrodynamics studied by magnetic resonance phase imaging. 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